原理分析
1、web容器在启动的时候,会扫描每个jar包下的META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer
2、加载这个文件指定的类SpringServletContainerInitializer
3、spring的应用一启动会加载感兴趣的WebApplicationInitializer接口的下的所有组件;
4、并且为WebApplicationInitializer组件创建对象(组件不是接口,不是抽象类)
1)、AbstractContextLoaderInitializer:创建根容器;createRootApplicationContext();
2)、AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer:
创建一个web的ioc容器;createServletApplicationContext();
创建了DispatcherServlet;createDispatcherServlet();
将创建的DispatcherServlet添加到ServletContext中;
getServletMappings();
3)、AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer:注解方式配置的DispatcherServlet初始化器
创建根容器:createRootApplicationContext()
getRootConfigClasses();传入一个配置类
创建web的ioc容器: createServletApplicationContext();
获取配置类;getServletConfigClasses();
总结
以注解方式来启动SpringMVC;继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;实现抽象方法指定DispatcherServlet的配置信息;
SpringMVC整合
1、首先创建一个maven项目,添加依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc-annotation</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.11.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、创建MyWebAppInitializer继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer
//web容器启动的时候创建对象;调用方法来初始化容器以前前端控制器
public class MyWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
//获取根容器的配置类;(Spring的配置文件) 父容器;不扫描controller
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class};
}
//获取web容器的配置类(SpringMVC配置文件) 子容器;业务逻辑有关,只扫描controller
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Class<?>[]{AppConfig.class};
}
//获取DispatcherServlet的映射信息
// /:拦截所有请求(包括静态资源(xx.js,xx.png)),但是不包括*.jsp;
// /*:拦截所有请求;连*.jsp页面都拦截;jsp页面是tomcat的jsp引擎解析的;
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new String[]{"/"};
}
}
3、添加配置信息
AppConfig.java
//SpringMVC只扫描Controller;子容器
//useDefaultFilters=false 禁用默认的过滤规则;
@ComponentScan(value="com.atguigu",includeFilters={
@Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes={Controller.class})
},useDefaultFilters=false)
@EnableWebMvc
public class AppConfig implement WebMvcConfigurer {
}
RootConfig.java
//Spring的容器不扫描controller;父容器
@ComponentScan(value="com.atguigu",excludeFilters={
@Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes={Controller.class})
})
public class RootConfig {
}
4、添加controller
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
String hello = helloService.sayHello("tomcat..");
return hello;
}
// /WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
@RequestMapping("/suc")
public String success(){
return "success";
}
}
5、添加service
@Service
public class HelloService {
public String sayHello(String name){
return "Hello "+name;
}
}
6、启动项目访问
定制与接管SpringMVC
我们使用xml配置文件时可以进行很多配置,现在不用xml配置要怎么做呢
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--将SpringMVC处理不了的请求交给tomcat;静态资源 就可以访问 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- SpringMVC的高级功能开启 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- <mvc:interceptors>
</mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:view-controller path=""/> -->
</beans>
定制SpringMVC
1)@EnableWebMvc:开启SpringMVC定制配置功能;
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
2)配置组件(视图解析器、视图映射、静态资源映射、拦截器。。。)
extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
在AppConfig中添加配置,实现WebMvcConfigurer需要实现很多方法但是一般不需要那么多。可以换用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter适配器进行适配,添加需要定制的方法。
//SpringMVC只扫描Controller;子容器
//useDefaultFilters=false 禁用默认的过滤规则;
@ComponentScan(value="com.atguigu",includeFilters={
@Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes={Controller.class})
},useDefaultFilters=false)
@EnableWebMvc
public class AppConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
//定制
//视图解析器
@Override
public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//默认所有的页面都从 /WEB-INF/ xxx .jsp
//registry.jsp();
registry.jsp("/WEB-INF/views/", ".jsp");
}
//静态资源访问
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
configurer.enable();
}
//拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//super.addInterceptors(registry);
registry.addInterceptor(new MyFirstInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
}
添加拦截器
public class MyFirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//目标方法运行之前执行
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("preHandle..."+request.getRequestURI());
return true;
}
//目标方法执行正确以后执行
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("postHandle...");
}
//页面响应以后执行
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
}
}
视图解析器
/WEB-INF/views/下添加index.jsp,访问会进入jsp页面
静态资源访问
在jsp页面并引入图片,运行jsp发现图片可以访问
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<img alt="" src="upload_3.jpg">
</body>
</html>
拦截器
启动项目进行访问的时候,发现拦截器生效