SpringBoot的核心功能 自动配置

自动配置

Spring Boot的自动配置是一个运行时（更准确地说，是应用程序启动时）的过程，考虑了众多因素，才决定
Spring配置应该用哪个，不该用哪个。该过程是Spring自动完成的。

SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能

@EnableAutoConfiguration

查看启动类MySpringBootApplication上的注解@SpringBootApplication

@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot01DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Springboot01DemoApplication.class, args);
    }

}

注解@SpringBootApplication的源码
@SpringBootConfiguration：等同与@Configuration，既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类
@EnableAutoConfiguration：SpringBoot自动配置功能开启

@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //注解的适用范围，TYPE表述是注解可以描述在类、接口、注解或者枚举中
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//标示注解的生命周期 在RUNTIME
@Documented//表示注解可以记录在javadoc
@Inherited //表示可以被子类继承该注解
@SpringBootConfiguration//表明为配置类
@EnableAutoConfiguration//启动自动配置功能
@ComponentScan(//表明包扫描器
excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be

	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	String[] excludeName() default {};

	/**
	 * Base packages to scan for annotated components. Use {@link 
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
	String[] scanBasePackages() default {};

	/**
	
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
	Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};

	/**
	
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = Configuration.class)
	boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;

}

按住Ctrl点击查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	String[] excludeName() default {};

}

其中，@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类
按住Ctrl点击查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源码

@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
				.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata,
				annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

/**
	 * Return the auto-configuration class names that should be considered. By default
	 * this method will load candidates using {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} with
	 * {@link #getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()}.
	 * @param metadata the source metadata
	 * @param attributes the {@link #getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata) annotation
	 * attributes}
	 * @return a list of candidate configurations
	 */
	protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
				getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}

其中，SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定
类对应的类名称列表

spring.factories 文件中有关自动配置的配置信息如下：

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConf iguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration ,

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfigu ration,

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,

上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration为结尾的类名称，这些类就是存有自动配置信息的类，而
SpringApplication在获取这些类名后再加载
我们以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例来分析源码：

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
			……
}

@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加载ServerProperties服务器配置属性类
进入ServerProperties.class源码如下：

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {

	/**
	 * Server HTTP port.
	 */
	private Integer port;

	/**
	 * Network address to which the server should bind.
	 */
	private InetAddress address;

prefix = “server” 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前缀，SpringBoot会将配置文件中以server开始的属性映射到该类
的字段中。映射关系如下：