Python网络编程攻略(2-2)

用select.select编写一个聊天服务器

代码如下：

#coding: utf-8

import select
import socket
import sys
import signal
import cPickle
import struct
import argparse
SERVER_HOST = 'localhost'
CHAT_SERVER_NAME = 'server'
# Some utilities
'''send函数定义通过cPicle.dumps()将需要发送的数据序列化，
    然后通过socket.htonl()方法将序列化后的数据长度转化为网络字节序格式，以便于底层传输，
    再将网络字节序格式的长度打包为'L'类型的C struct, 最后发送打包后的长度以及序列化后的数据
receive函数即是send反向过程，先接收到打包后的长度，将其解包，然后再主机序列化，
    所有数据接收完成以后，返回解除序列化后的原始数据。'''
def send(channel, *args):
    buffer = cPickle.dumps(args)#
    value = socket.htonl(len(buffer))#
    size = struct.pack("L",value)
    channel.send(size)
    channel.send(buffer)
def receive(channel):
    size = struct.calcsize("L")
    size = channel.recv(size)
    try:
        size = socket.ntohl(struct.unpack("L", size)[0])
    except struct.error, e:
        return ''
    buf = ""
    while len(buf) < size:
        buf = channel.recv(size - len(buf))
    return cPickle.loads(buf)[0]

'''聊天室服务器需要能做到：
1，记录连接数
2，记录连接的客户端地址以及名称映射 ，需要时返回名称地址
3，重用地址
4，检测键盘中断
5，处理输入及请求
先实现1，2，3，4点：'''
class ChatServer(object):
    """ An example chat server using select """
    def __init__(self, port, backlog=5):
        self.clients = 0
        self.clientmap = {}# record the map
        self.outputs = [] # list output sockets
        self.server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)#TCP socket
        self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)#enable socket reuse
        self.server.bind((SERVER_HOST, port))#bind socket to the address
        print 'Server listening to port: %s ...' %port
        self.server.listen(backlog)# listen the port
        # Catch keyboard interrupts
        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self.sighandler)
    def sighandler(self, signum, frame):
        """ Clean up client outputs"""
        # Close the server
        print 'Shutting down server...'
        # Close existing client sockets
        for output in self.outputs:
            output.close()
        self.server.close()
    def get_client_name(self, client):
        """ Return the name of the client """
        info = self.clientmap[client]
        host, name = info[0][0], info[1]
        return '@'.join((name, host))

        '''第5点处理输入及请求分几种情况，
        1处理客户端接入并通知其他客户端，
        2处理客户端输入信息并转发给其他客户端，
            处理标准输入, 这里丢弃，
        3处理异常
        '''
    def run(self):
        inputs = [self.server, sys.stdin]
        self.outputs = []
        running = True
        while running:
            try:
                readable, writeable, exceptional = select.select(inputs, self.outputs, [])
            except select.error, e:
                break
            for sock in readable:
                if sock == self.server:
                    # handle the server socket
                    client, address = self.server.accept()
                    print "Chat server: got connection %d from %s" % (client.fileno(),address)
                    # Read the login name
                    cname = receive(client).split('NAME: ')[1]
                    # Compute client name and send back
                    self.clients += 1
                    send(client, 'CLIENT: ' + str(address[0]))
                    inputs.append(client)
                    self.clientmap[client] = (address, cname)
                    # Send joining information to other clients
                    msg = "\n(Connected: New client (%d) from %s)" % (self.clients,self.get_client_name(client))
                    for output in self.outputs:
                        send(output, msg)
                    self.outputs.append(client)
                elif sock == sys.stdin:
                    # handle standard input
                    junk = sys.stdin.readline()
                    running = False
                else:
                    # handle all other sockets
                    try:
                        data = receive(sock)
                        if data:
                            # Send as new client's message...
                            msg = '\n#[' + self.get_client_name(sock) + ']>>' + data
                            # Send data to all except ourself
                            for output in self.outputs:
                                if output != sock:
                                    send(output, msg)
                        else:
                            print "Chat server: %d hung up" % sock.fileno()
                            self.clients -= 1
                            sock.close()
                            inputs.remove(sock)
                            self.outputs.remove(sock)
                            # Sending client leaving information to others
                            msg = "\n(Now hung up: Client from %s)" % self.get_client_name(sock)
                            
                            for output in self.outputs:
                                send(output, msg)
                    except socket.error, e:
                        # Remove
                        inputs.remove(sock)
                        self.outputs.remove(sock)
        self.server.close()

'''
实现客户端类。主要处理输入与从server端返回消息的读取
'''
class ChatClient(object):
    def __init__(self, name, port, host=SERVER_HOST):
        self.name = name
        self.connected = False
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.prompt = "[" + \
            '@'.join((name, socket.gethostname().split('.')[0])) + ']>'
        try:
            self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,      socket.SOCK_STREAM)#TCP socket
            self.sock.connect((host, port))#make a connnect
            print "Now connceted to chat server at port %d" % port
            self.connected = True# flags to record the connection
            send(self.sock, 'NAME: ' + self.name)#send client name to other sockets
            data = receive(self.sock)
            addr = data.split('CLIENT: ')[1]
            self.prompt = '[' + '@'.join((self.name, addr)) + ']>'
        except socket.error, e:
            print "Failed to connect to chat server @ port %d" % self.port
            sys.exit(1)
    def run(self):
        """client main loop"""
        while self.connected:
            try:
                sys.stdout.write(self.prompt)
                sys.stdout.flush()
                 
                  #wait for input from stdin or socket
                readable, writeable, exceptional = select.select([0, self.sock], [], [])
                for sock in readable:
                    if sock == 0:
                        data = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
                        if data:
                            send(self.sock, data)
                    elif sock == self.sock:
                        data = receive(self.sock)
                        if not data:
                            print "Client shutting down"
                            self.connected = False
                            break
                        else:
                            sys.stdout.write(data + '\n')
                            sys.stdout.flush()
            except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
                print "  Client interrupted, "
                self.sock.close()
                break



if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Socket Server Example with Select')
    parser.add_argument('--name', action="store", dest="name", required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--port', action="store", dest="port", type=int, required=True)
    given_args = parser.parse_args()
    port = given_args.port
    name = given_args.name
    if name == CHAT_SERVER_NAME:
        server = ChatServer(port)
        server.run()
    else:
        client = ChatClient(name=name, port=port)

        client.run()

运行及测试，开一个终端  python uchat.py --name=server --port=8800   运行服务器

而后再开几个客户端，注意需要新开终端运行 python uchat.py --name=client1 --port=8800

注意端口一定要一致，name可以随意定