一、建造者模式
一句话总结:目的就是为了创建一个复杂的对象,也可以试试链式调用的方式使得更加的优雅
- 定义:将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得
同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示,用户只需要指定需要建造的类型就可以得到它们,建造过程及细节不需要知道
- 类型:创建型
- 使用场景:如果一个对象有非常复杂的数据结构(很多属性),想把复杂的创建和使用分离
- 优点:
- 封装性好,创建和使用分离
- 扩展性好、建造类之间独立、一定程度上解耦
- 缺点:
- 产生多余的Builder对象
- 产品内部发生变化建造者都要修改,成本较大
- 和工厂模式的区别:
建造者模式更注重于创建时方法的调用顺序,工厂模式注重于创建产品
建造者可以创建一些复杂的产品
,由各种复杂的部件组成,工厂模式创建出来的都是一个样- 工厂模式注重的只要把对象
创建出来即可
,而建造者模式不只要创建出产品,也还要知道这个产品由哪些部件组成
- Coding:
public class Course {
private String courseName;
private String coursePPT;
private String courseVideo;
private String courseArticle;
private String courseQA;
public String getCourseName() {
return courseName;
}
public void setCourseName(String courseName) {
this.courseName = courseName;
}
public String getCoursePPT() {
return coursePPT;
}
public void setCoursePPT(String coursePPT) {
this.coursePPT = coursePPT;
}
public String getCourseVideo() {
return courseVideo;
}
public void setCourseVideo(String courseVideo) {
this.courseVideo = courseVideo;
}
public String getCourseArticle() {
return courseArticle;
}
public void setCourseArticle(String courseArticle) {
this.courseArticle = courseArticle;
}
public String getCourseQA() {
return courseQA;
}
public void setCourseQA(String courseQA) {
this.courseQA = courseQA;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Course{" +
"courseName='" + courseName + '\'' +
", coursePPT='" + coursePPT + '\'' +
", courseVideo='" + courseVideo + '\'' +
", courseArticle='" + courseArticle + '\'' +
", courseQA='" + courseQA + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
public abstract class CourseBuilder {
public abstract void buildCourseName(String courseName);
public abstract void buildCoursePPT(String coursePPT);
public abstract void buildCourseVideo(String courseVideo);
public abstract void buildCourseArticle(String courseArticle);
public abstract void buildCourseQA(String courseQA);
public abstract Course makeCourse();
}
public class CourseActualBuilder extends CourseBuilder {
private Course course = new Course();
@Override
public void buildCourseName(String courseName) {
course.setCourseName(courseName);
}
@Override
public void buildCoursePPT(String coursePPT) {
course.setCoursePPT(coursePPT);
}
@Override
public void buildCourseVideo(String courseVideo) {
course.setCourseVideo(courseVideo);
}
@Override
public void buildCourseArticle(String courseArticle) {
course.setCourseArticle(courseArticle);
}
@Override
public void buildCourseQA(String courseQA) {
course.setCourseQA(courseQA);
}
@Override
public Course makeCourse() {
return course;
}
}
public class Coach {
private CourseBuilder courseBuilder;
public void setCourseBuilder(CourseBuilder courseBuilder) {
this.courseBuilder = courseBuilder;
}
public Course makeCourse(String courseName,String coursePPT,
String courseVideo,String courseArticle,
String courseQA){
this.courseBuilder.buildCourseName(courseName);
this.courseBuilder.buildCoursePPT(coursePPT);
this.courseBuilder.buildCourseVideo(courseVideo);
this.courseBuilder.buildCourseArticle(courseArticle);
this.courseBuilder.buildCourseQA(courseQA);
return this.courseBuilder.makeCourse();
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CourseBuilder courseBuilder = new CourseActualBuilder();
Coach coach = new Coach();
coach.setCourseBuilder(courseBuilder);
Course course = coach.makeCourse("设计模式",
"设计模式PPT",
"设计模式视频",
"设计模式文章",
"设计模式问答");
System.out.println(course);
}
}
================================ 控制台输出 ===============================
Course{courseName='设计模式', coursePPT='设计模式PPT', courseVideo='设计模式视频', courseArticle='设计模式手记', courseQA='设计模式问答'}
- UML类图:
![建造者模式UML类图](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a3b603891ae49c37ed21397928ec790.png)
- 说明:教练(Coach)包含一个课程(Course)建造者抽象类(CourseBuilder),实际的建造者(CourseActualBuilder)继承了建造者抽象类,并且持有一个课程类
二、链式调用改造
public class Course {
private String courseName;
private String coursePPT;
private String courseVideo;
private String courseArticle;
private String courseQA;
public Course(CourseBuilder courseBuilder) {
this.courseName = courseBuilder.courseName;
this.coursePPT = courseBuilder.coursePPT;
this.courseVideo = courseBuilder.courseVideo;
this.courseArticle = courseBuilder.courseArticle;
this.courseQA = courseBuilder.courseQA;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Course{" +
"courseName='" + courseName + '\'' +
", coursePPT='" + coursePPT + '\'' +
", courseVideo='" + courseVideo + '\'' +
", courseArticle='" + courseArticle + '\'' +
", courseQA='" + courseQA + '\'' +
'}';
}
public static class CourseBuilder{
private String courseName;
private String coursePPT;
private String courseVideo;
private String courseArticle;
private String courseQA;
public CourseBuilder buildCourseName(String courseName){
this.courseName = courseName;
return this;
}
public CourseBuilder buildCoursePPT(String coursePPT) {
this.coursePPT = coursePPT;
return this;
}
public CourseBuilder buildCourseVideo(String courseVideo) {
this.courseVideo = courseVideo;
return this;
}
public CourseBuilder buildCourseArticle(String courseArticle) {
this.courseArticle = courseArticle;
return this;
}
public CourseBuilder buildCourseQA(String courseQA) {
this.courseQA = courseQA;
return this;
}
public Course build(){
return new Course(this);
}
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Course course = new Course.CourseBuilder()
.buildCourseName("设计模式")
.buildCoursePPT("设计模式精讲PPT")
.buildCourseVideo("设计模式精讲视频")
.build();
System.out.println(course);
}
}
================================ 控制台输出 ===============================
Course{courseName='设计模式', coursePPT='设计模式精讲PPT', courseVideo='设计模式精讲视频', courseArticle='null', courseQA='null'}
- UML类图:
![链式调用UML](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/53cefa45aaa9e46c6bfcba9b2ee52cda.png)
- 说明:应用层(Test)只需要和建造者进行交互,设置实体类的属性,最后调用builder方法返回具体的实体类,此方式
相比上面那种方式灵活很多
,想要赋值什么属性直接链式调用相应builder方法即可。
三、源码中的应用
- java.lang.StringBuilder#append()
public final class StringBuilder
extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{
...
@Override
public StringBuilder append(boolean b) {
super.append(b);
return this;
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(char c) {
super.append(c);
return this;
}
...
}
- java.lang.StringBuffer#append() 方法也一样,只不过加了同步锁
public final class StringBuffer
extends AbstractStringBuilder
implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence
{
...
@Override
public synchronized StringBuffer append(boolean b) {
toStringCache = null;
super.append(b);
return this;
}
@Override
public synchronized StringBuffer append(char c) {
toStringCache = null;
super.append(c);
return this;
}
...
}
- com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet
Set<String> set = ImmutableSet.<String>builder().add("a").add("b").build();
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.formLogin()
.loginPage("/meicloud-signIn.html")
.loginProcessingUrl("/authentication/form")
.and()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/meicloud-signIn.html").permitAll()
.anyRequest()
.authenticated()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}