一、状态模式
- 定义:
允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时,改变它的行为
- 类型:行为型
- 适用场景:一个对象存在多个状态(不同状态下行为不同),且状态可以相互转换
- 优点:
- 将不同的状态隔离
- 把各种状态的转换逻辑,分布到State的子类中,减少相互间依赖
- 增加新的状态非常简单
- 缺点:状态多的业务场景导致类数目增加,系统变复杂
- 相关设计模式:
- 状态模式和
享元模式
:有时候可以配合一起使用,可以使用享元模式在多个上下文角色之间共享这些状态实例
二、Coding
public class CourseVideoContext {
private CourseVideoState courseVideoState;
public final static PlayState PLAY_STATE = new PlayState();
public final static StopState STOP_STATE = new StopState();
public final static PauseState PAUSE_STATE = new PauseState();
public final static SpeedState SPEED_STATE = new SpeedState();
public CourseVideoState getCourseVideoState() {
return courseVideoState;
}
public void setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoState courseVideoState) {
this.courseVideoState = courseVideoState;
this.courseVideoState.setCourseVideoContext(this);
}
public void play() {
this.courseVideoState.play();
}
public void speed() {
this.courseVideoState.speed();
}
public void stop() {
this.courseVideoState.stop();
}
public void pause() {
this.courseVideoState.pause();
}
}
public abstract class CourseVideoState {
protected CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext;
public void setCourseVideoContext(CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext) {
this.courseVideoContext = courseVideoContext;
}
public abstract void play();
public abstract void speed();
public abstract void pause();
public abstract void stop();
}
public class PauseState extends CourseVideoState {
@Override
public void play() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
}
@Override
public void speed() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
}
@Override
public void pause() {
System.out.println("暂停播放课程视频状态");
}
@Override
public void stop() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
}
}
public class PlayState extends CourseVideoState {
@Override
public void play() {
System.out.println("正常播放课程视频状态");
}
@Override
public void speed() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
}
@Override
public void pause() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
}
@Override
public void stop() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
}
}
public class SpeedState extends CourseVideoState {
@Override
public void play() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
}
@Override
public void speed() {
System.out.println("快进播放课程视频状态");
}
@Override
public void pause() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
}
@Override
public void stop() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
}
}
public class StopState extends CourseVideoState {
@Override
public void play() {
super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
}
@Override
public void speed() {
System.out.println("ERROR 停止状态不能快进!!");
}
@Override
public void pause() {
System.out.println("ERROR 停止状态不能暂停!!");
}
@Override
public void stop() {
System.out.println("停止播放课程视频状态");
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext = new CourseVideoContext();
courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(new PlayState());
System.out.println("当前状态:" + courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
courseVideoContext.pause();
System.out.println("当前状态:" + courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
courseVideoContext.speed();
System.out.println("当前状态:" + courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
courseVideoContext.stop();
System.out.println("当前状态:" + courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());
courseVideoContext.speed();
}
}
当前状态:PlayState
当前状态:PauseState
当前状态:SpeedState
当前状态:StopState
ERROR 停止状态不能快进!!
- UML类图:
![状态模式UML](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7f96962b36c44a868d1d4eb1f59836c6.png)
- 说明:这个模式还是很好理解的,不同状态有不同的方法表现
三、源码中的应用
- 在一些业务场景中可以用状态模式,比如
不同电商网站关于订单扭转的状态
,可以自己设置一个和业务场景非常契合的状态机,还有一些比如我们的例子视频状态扭转、办公系统流程上的扭转等等都是和具体的业务场景相关的
,可以使用上状态模式