1.rabbitmq安装
2.springboot 集成 rabbitmq
2.1创建springboot项目
略
2.2引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.3application.yml配置
- 生产者
spring:
rabbitmq:
#rabbitmq ip地址
host: 192.168.20.105
#rabbitmq 端口
port: 5672
#rabbitmq 用户名
username: admin
#rabbitmq 密码
password: admin
#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)
publisher-confirms: true
#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)
publisher-returns: true
- 消费者
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.20.105
port: 5672
username: admin
password: admin
#配置消费者一次接收一条数据,多劳多得
listener:
simple:
prefetch: 1
acknowledge-mode: manual
direct:
prefetch: 1
acknowledge-mode: manual
2.4队列模式
顾名思义就是,exchange和queue进行一对一绑定
2.4.1生产者
- 配置DirectRabbitConfig,让exchange和queue进行绑定
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class DirectRabbitConfig {
// 队列 起名:TestDirectQueue
@Bean
public Queue TestDirectQueue() {
// durable:是否持久化,默认是false,持久化队列:会被存储在磁盘上,当消息代理重启时仍然存在,暂存队列:当前连接有效
// exclusive:默认也是false,只能被当前创建的连接使用,而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable
// autoDelete:是否自动删除,当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列,该队列会自动删除。
// 一般设置一下队列的持久化就好,其余两个就是默认false
return new Queue("TestDirectQueue", true);
}
// Direct交换机 起名:TestDirectExchange
@Bean
public DirectExchange TestDirectExchange() {
// return new DirectExchange("TestDirectExchange",true,true);
return new DirectExchange("TestDirectExchange", true, false);
}
// 绑定 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置用于匹配键:TestDirectRouting
// Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(routing_key)
@Bean
public Binding bindingDirect() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(TestDirectQueue()).to(TestDirectExchange()).with("TestDirectRouting");
}
}
- 给rabbitmq发送数据
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 消息队列
*
* @author Administrator
*/
@RestController
public class SendControllerWork {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/send")
public String sendDirectMessage() {
String messageId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
String messageData = "test message, hello!";
String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("messageId", messageId);
map.put("messageData", messageData);
map.put("createTime", createTime);
// 将消息携带绑定键值:TestDirectRouting 发送到交换机TestDirectExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("TestDirectExchange", "TestDirectRouting", map);
return "ok";
}
}
2.4.2消费者
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TestDirectReceiver {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "TestDirectQueue", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "TestDirectRouting", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true")))
public void process(Map testMessage) {
System.out.println("DirectReceiver消费者收到消息 : " + testMessage.toString());
}
}
2.5广播模式
顾名思义就是,exchange和一堆queue进行绑定
2.5.1生产者
- 配置FanoutRabbitConfig,把exchange和queueA、queueB、queueC绑定
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutRabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue FanoutQueueB() {
return new Queue("FanoutQueueB", true);
}
@Bean
public Queue FanoutQueueA() {
return new Queue("FanoutQueueA", true);
}
@Bean
public Queue FanoutQueueC() {
return new Queue("FanoutQueueC", true);
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange Fanoutchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("FanoutExchange", true, false);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingFanoutA() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(FanoutQueueA()).to(Fanoutchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingFanoutB() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(FanoutQueueB()).to(Fanoutchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingFanoutC() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(FanoutQueueC()).to(Fanoutchange());
}
}
- 给rabbitmq发送数据
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class SendControllerFanout {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("sendFanout")
public String send() {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("FanoutExchange", "", "这是一个fanout广播模式");
return "ok";
}
}
2.5.2消费者
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class FanoutRece {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "FanoutQueueA", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "FanoutExchange", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true", type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT)))
public void listen1(String msg) {
System.out.println("订阅模式A 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "FanoutQueueB", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "FanoutExchange", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true", type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT)))
public void listen2(String msg) {
System.out.println("订阅模式B 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "FanoutQueueC", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "FanoutExchange", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true", type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT)))
public void listen3(String msg) {
System.out.println("订阅模式C 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
}
2.6主题模式
顾名思义就是,exchange和一堆queue,根据规则进行绑定,规则基本基于routingKey名称
routingKey | BindingBuilder |
---|---|
topic.# | topic.xxxx , topic.xxxx.xxxx |
topic.* | topic.xxxx |
topic.. | topic.xxxx.xxx |
2.6.1生产者
- 配置TopicRabbitConfig
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queueA() {
return new Queue("topic.queueA",true);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueB() {
return new Queue("topic.queueB",true);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange(){
return new TopicExchange("topicExChange");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindExchangeMessage(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(exchange()).with("topic.queueA");
}
@Bean
public Binding bindExchangeMessage2(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(exchange()).with("topic.#");
}
}
- 发送消息给rabbitmq
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* 消息队列
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@RestController
public class SendControllerTopic {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendTopicMessage1")
public String sendTopicMessage1() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: M A N ";
String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Map<String, Object> manMap = new HashMap<>();
manMap.put("messageId", messageId);
manMap.put("messageData", messageData);
manMap.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.queueA", manMap);
return "ok";
}
@GetMapping("/sendTopicMessage2")
public String sendTopicMessage2() {
String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());
String messageData = "message: woman is all ";
String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
Map<String, Object> womanMap = new HashMap<>();
womanMap.put("messageId", messageId);
womanMap.put("messageData", messageData);
womanMap.put("createTime", createTime);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.queueB", womanMap);
return "ok";
}
}
2.6.2消费者
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TopicReceiver {
@RabbitListener(queues="topic.queueA")
public void rece(Map msg){
System.out.println("TopicTotalReceiver1消费者收到消息 : " + msg.toString());
}
@RabbitListener(queues="topic.queueB")
public void rece2(Map msg){
System.out.println("TopicTotalReceiver2消费者收到消息 : " + msg.toString());
}
}
3.复杂行为
身为一个资深的程序员,仅仅是会推送接收,这样是谈不上会用rabbitmq的,在生产环境我们需要考虑数据丢失,服务器停机的问题…
需要解决的问题
- 数据是否真的发送给rabbitmq
- 消费者在消费过程中出现了异常是否会造成数据丢失
解决方案
- 生产者消息发送确认,在生产者加入如下配置,发送消息不管成功与否都会执行回调函数
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate();
rabbitTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
// 设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
if (!ack) {
//出现异常
System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: " + "相关数据:" + correlationData);
System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: " + "确认情况:" + ack);
System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: " + "原因:" + cause);
}
}
});
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: " + "消息:" + message);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: " + "回应码:" + replyCode);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: " + "回应信息:" + replyText);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: " + "交换机:" + exchange);
System.out.println("ReturnCallback: " + "路由键:" + routingKey);
}
});
return rabbitTemplate;
}
}
- 消费者手动确认收到消息
以DirectReceiver为例子,修改为一下代码
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
@Component
public class DirectReceiver {
// basicAck(deliveryTag, false); #id=deliveryTag会被确定后删除
// basicAck(deliveryTag, true); #id<=deliveryTag会被确定后删除
// basicNack(deliveryTag, false); #消息会直接丢失,支持批量
// basicNack(deliveryTag, true); #消息会再次发送回队列,支持批量
// basicReject(deliveryTag, false) #消息会直接丢失,不支持批量
// basicReject(deliveryTag, true) #消息会再次发送回队列,不支持批量
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "TestDirectQueue", durable = "true"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "TestDirectRouting", durable = "true", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true")))
public void process1(@Payload Map msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException {
long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
System.out.println(msg.toString());
try {
// throw new Exception("手动异常");
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);
}
}
}