SpringMVC中实现文件上传和下载

文件上传主要使用到CommonsMultipartResolver这个实体类，使用程序上下文和ServletContext 容器初始化，将临时文件保存到servlet的临时目录，继承于CommonsFileUploadSupport，其构造函数代码如下：

public CommonsMultipartResolver(ServletContext servletContext) {
		this();
		setServletContext(servletContext);
	}

可以使用request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")；获取当前服务器的根目录，将文件保存到指定位置。在实现文件上传功能是需要配置如下运行环境:

    pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>test</groupId>
	<artifactId>fileUpDown</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>fileUpDown Maven Webapp</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.5</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.3</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.3</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.3</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
			<version>2.4</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>fileUpDown</finalName>
	</build>
</project>

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"  
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">      
    <filter>  
        <description>字符集过滤器</description>  
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <description>字符集编码</description>  
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>  
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
    </filter>  
    <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
    </filter-mapping>  
    <servlet>    
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>    
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>    
        <init-param>    
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    
            <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>    
        </init-param>      
    </servlet>    
    <servlet-mapping>    
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>    
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>    
    </servlet-mapping>  
    <welcome-file-list>  
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>  
        <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>  
    </welcome-file-list>    
</web-app> 

spring.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"      
    xsi:schemaLocation="    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans     
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context     
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">    
    <context:annotation-config />    
    <mvc:annotation-driven />  
    <context:component-scan base-package="controllers" />    
      
    <!-- 避免IE执行AJAX时,返回JSON出现下载文件 -->  
    <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"  
        class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">  
        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">  
            <list>  
                <value>text/html;charset=utf-8</value>  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
  
    <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->  
    <bean  
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">  
        <property name="messageConverters">  
            <list>  
                <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /><!-- json转换器 -->  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
      
    <!-- 支持上传文件 -->  
    <bean id="multipartResolver"  
        class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" >  
        <!-- 100M -->  
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="104857600"></property>      
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property>     
    </bean>  
</beans>    

代码实现如下：

    @RequestMapping(value = "/upLoadFile.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
    public void upLoadFile(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)  
            throws IllegalStateException, IOException {  
    	
    	//打印request参数
    	logger.info("name："+request.getParameter("name"));
    	//MultipartResolver 用于处理文件上传
        CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver(  
                request.getSession().getServletContext());  
        // 判断 request 是否有文件上传
        if (multipartResolver.isMultipart(request)) {  
            // request转换成多部分request  
            MultipartHttpServletRequest multiRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;  
            // 取得request中的所有文件名  
            Iterator<String> iter = multiRequest.getFileNames();  
            while (iter.hasNext()) {  
                // 取得上传文件  
                MultipartFile f = multiRequest.getFile(iter.next());  
                if (f != null) {  
                    // 取得当前上传文件的文件名称  
                    String myFileName = f.getOriginalFilename();  
                    // 如果名称不为"",说明该文件存在，否则说明该文件不存在  
                    if (myFileName.trim() != "") {  
                        // 定义上传路径 
                    	String strDirPath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
                        String path = strDirPath+"audio"+File.separator+ myFileName;  
                        File localFile = new File(path);  
                        f.transferTo(localFile);  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
    }  

前端可以使用表单实现文件上传，也可以使用Ajax实现。

表单获取，其中文件存放在项目的webapp->WEB-INF下

<form action="./upLoadFile.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">  
                 选择文件：<input type="file" name="file"/>  
                 <input type="submit" value="提交"/>  
   </form>  

Ajax获取

<div id="uploadForm">
			<input id="file" type="file" />
			<button id="upload" type="button" οnclick="upload()">upload</button>
			<img src="" id="img">
		</div>
		<script>
			//FormData和FileReader方式实现文件上传

			function upload() {
				var inputBox = document.getElementById("file");
				debugger;
				//用于读取文件
				var reader = new FileReader();
				reader.readAsDataURL(inputBox.files[0]); //发起异步请求
				img.src = reader.result;
				reader.onload = function() {
					console.log("加载成功");
				}
				var formData = new FormData();
				formData.append('file', $('#file')[0].files[0]);
				formData.append("name", "liu");
				$.ajax({
					url: 'http://localhost:8080/fileUpDown/upLoadFile.do',
					type: 'POST',
					cache: false,
					data: formData,
					processData: false,
					contentType: false
				}).done(function(res) {}).fail(function(res) {});
			}
		</script>

文件的下载：

在执行下载操作时需要设置报文的请求头，使用HttpHeaders进行相关的参数设置，如：headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", fileName);  用于设置服务器内部的文件储存位置，headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);用于设置报文header的媒体类型。在接口返回时，需要使用到ResponseEntity，该类继承于HttpEntity，添加了响应报文所需要的状态码。前端使用超链接即可实现文件下载：<a href="./download.do" >文件下载</a>     

  @RequestMapping("download.do")    
        public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {    
        	String strDirPath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
            String path = strDirPath+"audio"+File.separator+ "Superstition.mp3";   
            File file=new File(path);  
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();    
            String fileName=new String("Superstition.mp3".getBytes("UTF-8"),"iso-8859-1");//为了解决中文名称乱码问题  
            headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", fileName);   
            headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);   
            return new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file),    
                                              headers, HttpStatus.CREATED);    
        }