Retrofit源码浅析

Retrofit官网网址：https://square.github.io/retrofit/
Retrofit官方给出的demo示例
首先根据示例我们可以了解到Retrofit是通过接口的形式来展示http网络请求，
接下来我们来看看Retrofit的初始化，

public interface GitHubService {
  @GET("users/{user}/repos")
  Call<List<Repo>> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
}
//初始化retrofit
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
    .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
    .build();

GitHubService service = retrofit.create(GitHubService.class);

Call<List<Repo>> repos = service.listRepos("octocat");

Retrofit跟OkHttp一样，都是采用了builder设计模式，在Builder构造方法中初始化了Platform，其实就是判断是在哪个平台运行来初始化不同的线程池。接下来我们来看看build方法，下去

    public Builder() {
      this(Platform.get());
    }
//下面是PlatForm类中的代码
private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform();

  static Platform get() {
    return PLATFORM;
  }

  private static Platform findPlatform() {
    try {
      Class.forName("android.os.Build");
      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) {
        return new Android();
      }
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
    }
    try {
      Class.forName("java.util.Optional");
      return new Java8();
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
    }
    return new Platform();
  }
	
@IgnoreJRERequirement // Only classloaded and used on Java 8.
  static class Java8 extends Platform {
    @Override boolean isDefaultMethod(Method method) {
      return method.isDefault();
    }

    @Override Object invokeDefaultMethod(Method method, Class<?> declaringClass, Object object,
        Object... args) throws Throwable {
      // Because the service interface might not be public, we need to use a MethodHandle lookup
      // that ignores the visibility of the declaringClass.
      Constructor<Lookup> constructor = Lookup.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, int.class);
      constructor.setAccessible(true);
      return constructor.newInstance(declaringClass, -1 /* trusted */)
          .unreflectSpecial(method, declaringClass)
          .bindTo(object)
          .invokeWithArguments(args);
    }
  }

  static class Android extends Platform {
    @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
      return new MainThreadExecutor();
    }

    @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) {
      return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    }

    static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
      private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

      @Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
        handler.post(r);
      }
    }
  }	

首先判断了baseUrl是否为空，也就是在build之前我们必须配置baseUrl，接下来设置callFactory,这个是我们在初始化Retrofit时通过callFactory()方法传进去，如果没有传的话，Retrofit则直接创建OkHttpClient；接下来就是设置回调线程,同理也是我们初始化时通过callbackExecutor()方法传进去，如果没有传的话Retrofit会通过PlatForm给我们创建。接下来的就是初始化添加用于对象序列化和反序列化的转换器工厂集合（比如GsonConverterFactory等）和添加一个调用适配器工厂来支持所需的返回类型的集合(一般常用的RxJava2CallAdapterFactory)。说完 Retrofit的初始化，接下来我们来看看它的create方法。

//这是OkHttpClient
public class OkHttpClient implements Cloneable, Call.Factory, WebSocket.Factory 
//这是Retrofit的build方法
public Retrofit build() {
      if (baseUrl == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
      }

      okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
      if (callFactory == null) {
        callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
      }

      Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
      if (callbackExecutor == null) {
        callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
      }

      // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
      List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
      adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));

      // Make a defensive copy of the converters.
      List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);

      return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
          callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
    }
  }

  CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) {
    if (callbackExecutor != null) {
      return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    }
    return DefaultCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE;
  }

首先对接口进行了判断是否合法，接着判断是否要提前加载这些接口，然后通过动态代理返回，其中loadServiceMethod()方法查询是否有缓存，有的话直接使用缓存的ServiceMethod，没有则创建一个并把它添加到serviceMethodCache中。下面我们继续看看ServiceMethod的构建：

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Single-interface proxy creation guarded by parameter safety.
  public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
    Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
    if (validateEagerly) {
      eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
    }
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
        new InvocationHandler() {
          private final Platform platform = Platform.get();

          @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
              throws Throwable {
            // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }
            if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
              return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
            }
            ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
                (ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
            OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
            return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
          }
        });
  }

  private void eagerlyValidateMethods(Class<?> service) {
    Platform platform = Platform.get();
    for (Method method : service.getDeclaredMethods()) {
      if (!platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
        loadServiceMethod(method);
      }
    }
  }

//serviceMethodCache
private final Map<Method, ServiceMethod<?, ?>> serviceMethodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  ServiceMethod<?, ?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
    ServiceMethod<?, ?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
    if (result != null) return result;

    synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
      result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
      if (result == null) {
        result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
        serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

首先我们查看一下createCallAdapter()，该方法最终会调用retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations)，然后继续查看callAdapter方法，该方法中又调用了nextCallAdapter方法，在nextCallAdapter方法中我们发现其中存在CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);这句代码，而adapterFactories正是我们在构建Retrofit的时候初始化的，而且在初始化完成的时候默认添加了一个defaultCallAdapterFactory，这个默认的是指 ExecutorCallAdapterFactory，代码在Retrofit的最前面已经贴上（方便理解）。

public ServiceMethod build() {
      callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
      responseType = callAdapter.responseType(); //responseType下面以贴出
      if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) {
        throw methodError("'"
            + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName()
            + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?");
      }
      responseConverter = createResponseConverter();

      for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
        parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
      }

      if (httpMethod == null) {
        throw methodError("HTTP method annotation is required (e.g., @GET, @POST, etc.).");
      }

      if (!hasBody) {
        if (isMultipart) {
          throw methodError(
              "Multipart can only be specified on HTTP methods with request body (e.g., @POST).");
        }
        if (isFormEncoded) {
          throw methodError("FormUrlEncoded can only be specified on HTTP methods with "
              + "request body (e.g., @POST).");
        }
      }

      int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
      parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
      for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
        Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p];
        if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
              parameterType);
        }

        Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];
        if (parameterAnnotations == null) {
          throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
        }

        parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
      }

      if (relativeUrl == null && !gotUrl) {
        throw methodError("Missing either @%s URL or @Url parameter.", httpMethod);
      }
      if (!isFormEncoded && !isMultipart && !hasBody && gotBody) {
        throw methodError("Non-body HTTP method cannot contain @Body.");
      }
      if (isFormEncoded && !gotField) {
        throw methodError("Form-encoded method must contain at least one @Field.");
      }
      if (isMultipart && !gotPart) {
        throw methodError("Multipart method must contain at least one @Part.");
      }

      return new ServiceMethod<>(this);
    }

//createCallAdapter
    private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() {
      Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
      if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
        throw methodError(
            "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
      }
      if (returnType == void.class) {
        throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
      }
      Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
      try {
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
        throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
      }
    }


  @Override
  public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }
    final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
    return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
      @Override public Type responseType() {
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
        return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call);
      }
    };
  }

这里通过responseType返回的就是通过CallAdapter返回的数据类型，然后通过createResponseConverter()方法来转换对象。parseMethodAnnotation()方法则是对请求方式进行解析。而parameterAnnotationsArray[p];最终会调用parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);这都是对参数中的注解进行解析，最后返回ServiceMethod。说了这么多终于把loadServiceMethod()说完了，接下来初始化OkHttpCall，然后serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);这个通过adapt方法创建ExecutorCallbackCall然后传入OkHttpCall 。在ExecutorCallbackCall类当中我们发现它是Call接口的实现类，而且当中enqueue方法中的delegate其实是OkHttpCall,下面我们查看

static final class ExecutorCallbackCall<T> implements Call<T> {
    final Executor callbackExecutor;
    final Call<T> delegate;

    ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) {
      this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
      this.delegate = delegate;
    }

    @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
      if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null");

      delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() {
        @Override public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
                // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation.
                callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
              } else {
                callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
              }
            }
          });
        }

        @Override public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t);
            }
          });
        }
      });
    }

    @Override public boolean isExecuted() {
      return delegate.isExecuted();
    }

    @Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
      return delegate.execute();
    }

    @Override public void cancel() {
      delegate.cancel();
    }

    @Override public boolean isCanceled() {
      return delegate.isCanceled();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // Performing deep clone.
    @Override public Call<T> clone() {
      return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, delegate.clone());
    }

    @Override public Request request() {
      return delegate.request();
    }
  }

下面我们查看一下OkHttpCall当中enqueue方法,当中调用了OkHttp3.Call中的call对象的enqueue方法然后通过parseResponse方法根据返回的code值进行相应的操作，接下来通过serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody);方法进行数据解析成对应的数据形式，代码如下

  @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
    if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null");

    okhttp3.Call call;
    Throwable failure;

    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
      executed = true;

      call = rawCall;
      failure = creationFailure;
      if (call == null && failure == null) {
        try {
          call = rawCall = createRawCall();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          failure = creationFailure = t;
        }
      }
    }

    if (failure != null) {
      callback.onFailure(this, failure);
      return;
    }

    if (canceled) {
      call.cancel();
    }

    call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {
      @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse)
          throws IOException {
        Response<T> response;
        try {
          response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
          callFailure(e);
          return;
        }
        callSuccess(response);
      }

      @Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
        try {
          callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

      private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
        try {
          callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

      private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) {
        try {
          callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    });
  }

private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
    Request request = serviceMethod.toRequest(args);
    okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.callFactory.newCall(request);
    if (call == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
    }
    return call;
  }

  /** Builds a method return value from an HTTP response body. */
  R toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException {
    return responseConverter.convert(body);
  }

我们知道了Retrofit其实是对OkHttp网络请求的一次封装，真正的网络请求还是交给了OkHttp。而且Retrofit遵循Restful设计风格，而且解耦更彻底，而且能很好的和其他框架结合使用，比如Rxjava.。好了到此结束，欢迎大家交流纠正~