Numpy transpose函数理解

现在我们有一个三维数组A

A=[
  [
    [ 0,  1,  2],
    [ 3,  4,  5],
    [ 6,  7,  8]
  ],
  [
    [ 9, 10, 11],
    [12, 13, 14],
    [15, 16, 17]
  ],
  [
    [18, 19, 20],
    [21, 22, 23],
    [24, 25, 26]
  ]
]

将A写成数组下标形式,即访问对应数字时需要的数组下标

A=[
       [
           [ (0,0,0) , (0,0,1) , (0,0,2)],
           [ (0,1,0) , (0,1,1) , (0,1,2)],
           [ (0,2,0) , (0,2,1) , (0,2,2)]
       ],

       [
           [ (1,0,0) , (1,0,1) , (1,0,2)],
           [ (1,1,0) , (1,1,1) , (1,1,2)],
           [ (1,2,0) , (1,2,1) , (1,2,2)]
       ],
       [
           [ (2,0,0) , (2,0,1) , (2,0,2)],
           [ (2,1,0) , (2,1,1) , (2,1,2)],
           [ (2,2,0) , (2,2,1) , (2,2,2)]
       ]
  ]

对A进行transpose操作,并输出结果

print(np.array(A).transpose()) #等价于np.array(A).transpose(0,1,2)

[[[ 0  9 18]
  [ 1 10 19]
  [ 2 11 20]]

 [[ 3 12 21]
  [ 4 13 22]
  [ 5 14 23]]

 [[ 6 15 24]
  [ 7 16 25]
  [ 8 17 26]]]

将得到的结果再次写成数组下标形式

B=[
       [
           [ (0,0,0) , (1,0,0) , (2,0,0)],
           [ (0,1,0) , (1,1,0) , (2,1,0)],
           [ (0,2,0) , (1,2,0) , (2,2,0)]
       ],

       [
           [ (0,0,1) , (1,0,1) , (2,0,1)],
           [ (0,1,1) , (1,1,1) , (2,1,1)],
           [ (0,2,1) , (1,2,1) , (2,2,1)]
       ],
       [
           [ (0,0,2) , (1,0,2) , (2,0,2)],
           [ (0,1,2) , (1,1,2) , (2,1,2)],
           [ (0,2,2) , (1,2,2) , (2,2,2)]
       ]
  ]

可以看出相对于A的数组下标形式来说相当于将访问顺序(0,1,2)变成了(2,1,0),即交换了原数组下标一维以及三维的访问顺序

为了验证这一发现,再次运行

print(np.array(A).transpose(1,0,2))

如果我们的发现是正确的,那么这次结果对应的数组下标应该为

C=[
       [
           [ (0,0,0) , (0,0,1) , (0,0,2)],
           [ (1,0,0) , (1,0,1) , (1,0,2)],
           [ (2,0,0) , (2,0,1) , (2,0,2)]
       ],

       [
           [ (0,1,0) , (0,1,1) , (0,1,2)],
           [ (1,1,0) , (1,1,1) , (1,1,2)],
           [ (2,1,0) , (2,1,1) , (2,1,2)]
       ],
       [
           [ (0,2,0) , (0,2,1) , (0,2,2)],
           [ (1,2,0) , (1,2,1) , (1,2,2)],
           [ (2,2,0) , (2,2,1) , (2,2,2)]
       ]
  ]

参照A得到对应的转换结果应该为

C=[
  [
    [ 0,  1,  2],
    [ 9, 11, 12],
    [18, 19, 20]
  ],
  [
    [ 3, 4, 5],
    [12, 13, 14],
    [21, 22, 23]
  ],
  [
    [6, 7, 8],
    [15, 16, 17],
    [24, 25, 26]
  ]
]

运行程序后得到运行结果

[[[ 0  1  2]
  [ 9 10 11]
  [18 19 20]]

 [[ 3  4  5]
  [12 13 14]
  [21 22 23]]

 [[ 6  7  8]
  [15 16 17]
  [24 25 26]]]

综上所述,对于多维数组来说np.transpose机制可以理解为将原数组的访问下标的顺序进行改变后访问原数组得到新的数组