Oracle11gR2使用RMANDuplicate复制数据库

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Oracle11gR2使用RMANDuplicate复制数据库

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2015-06-04       0  个评论    来源：PrudentWoo 的个人空间  

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Oracle 11gR2 使用RMAN Duplicate复制数据库

 

前言:

上周刚做完一个项目，用户要求RAC的数据库能够自动备份到另外一个单节点上，单节点能够正常拿起来就能用。当时跟他们讨论的是用ADG来做，但通过描述后，用户觉得如果要人工干预的话太麻烦，它不想做任何的人工干预，实现数据自动到这台单机上来，那只是一台备用的数据库，没事的时候可以登录上去看看历史的数据情况。

这个时候我提出了11g的RMAN Duplicate方案，它可以在线实现异机的在线备份，且无需人工干预，通过网络将数据传输过来后能够自动open备机.

如图：

 

RMAN Duplicate 是从Oracle 10g就已经开始有的一个功能；但是在11g的时候进行了很多增强，免去了10g版本下需要人工复制到备机上过来进行恢复的尴尬境地。通过11g的Duplicate可以创建一个完全相同但DBID不同的备机数据库。在11g的RMAN Duplicate中可以通过Active database duplicate和Backup-based duplicate两种方法实现。我们在用户现场采用的是Active Database Duplicate;因为它不用先把目标数据库进行RMAN备份，只需要目标数据库处于归档模式下即可通过网络对数据库进行恢复，且恢复完成后能够自动Open Duplicate Database。这样就正好满足了用户不用人工干预的需求。尤其是对于大数据库特别是TB级别的数据库其优点时非常明显，恢复前不需要进行单独的备份，减少了备份及拷贝备份文件的时间，同时还节省了备份空间。下面我们来进行完整的RAC to Single Instance的Active Database Duplicate操作。

一、环境介绍

 

	HostName	DBName	public ip
11gR2 RAC	db01	woo1	192.168.7.51
	db02	woo2	192.168.7.52
Duplicate	standby	woo	192.168.7.55

 

 

二、开始配置Duplicate Database，步骤如下：
2.1 构建辅助数据库目录结构，配置辅助数据库相关系统参数。

2.2 安装软件并创建数据库。

2.3 开启归档
2.3 创建pfile,并修改
2.4 创建辅助数据库实例口令文件
2.5 配置静态监听
2.6 用pfile文件，将辅助数据库启动到nomount状态
2.7 执行RMAN duplicate命令复制数据库
2.8 创建spfile文件

三、构建辅助数据库目录结构，配置辅助数据库相关参数。（简）

 

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/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall /usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba oracle mkdir -p /DBSoft/oraInventory mkdir -p /DBSoft/oracle/product/11.2.4/dbhome_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /DBSoft chmod -R 775 /DBSoft echo "oracle" |passwd --stdin oracle yum install -y setarch binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libcap1 compat-db compat-libstdc++ compat-gcc elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc -devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make ksh numactl sysstat libXp unixODBC unixODBC-devel udev cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<eof 128= "" 510= "" 65280= "" 65500= "" cat= "" eof= "" fs.aio- max -nr= "1048576" fs.file- max = "6815744" kernel.sem= "510" kernel.shmall= "4294967296" kernel.shmmax= "137438953472" kernel.shmmni= "4096" net.core.rmem_default= "1048576" net.core.rmem_max= "4194304" net.core.wmem_default= "262144" net.core.wmem_max= "1048576" net.ipv4.conf. default .rp_filter= "0" net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= "9000" net.ipv4.tcp_rmem= "4194304" net.ipv4.tcp_sack= "0" net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps= "0" net.ipv4.tcp_wmem= "262144" p= "" sbin= "" sysctl= "" vm.dirty_background_ratio= "3" vm.dirty_expire_centisecs= "500" vm.dirty_ratio= "80" vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs= "100" vm.swappiness= "0" >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<eof 16384= "" 2047= "" 3145728= "" 65536= "" cat= "" eof= "" hard= "" memlock= "" nofile= "" nproc= "" oracle= "" signaturelevin= "" soft= "" >> /etc/profile <<eof -n= "" -p= "" -u= "" 16384= "" 65536= "" cat= "" else = "" eof= "" fi= "" if= "" shell= "/bin/ksh" then = "" ulimit= "" user = "oracle" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<eof 022= "" al32utf16= "" alias= "" classpath= "\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" edit= "vi" export= "" ld_library_path= "\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib" nls_lang= "AMERICAN_AMERICA" oracle_base= "/DBSoft/oracle" oracle_home= "\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.4/dbhome_1" oracle_hostname= "$hostname" oracle_sid= "$instance_name" oracle_term= "xterm" oracle_unqname= "$db_name" path= "/usr/sbin:\$PATH" pre= "" tmp= "/tmp" tmpdir= "\$TMP" umask= "" vi= "vim" ><p> </p><p> </p>四、安装软件并创建数据库<p> </p><pre class= "brush:sql;" >./runInstaller -silent -debug - force -responseFile /home/oracle/ database /response/db_install.rsp   dbca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/ database /response/dbca.rsp</pre> <br> 五、开启归档 <p> </p> <p> </p> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1=\ 'location=+FRA001/archive\' scope=spfile sid=\'woo1\';   System altered. SQL> alter database archivelog;   Database altered. SQL> alter database open;   Database altered.   SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination +FRA001/archive Oldest online log sequence 978 Next log sequence to archive 979 Current log sequence 979 SQL> alter system switch logfile; alter system switch logfile;   System altered.   SQL>   System altered. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination +FRA001/archive Oldest online log sequence 980 Next log sequence to archive 981 Current log sequence 981</pre> <br> <p> </p> <p>六、配置静态监听</p> <p>RAC节点监听信息如下:</p> <pre class="brush:sql;">$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin LISTENER =    (DESCRIPTION_LIST =      (DESCRIPTION =        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.woo.com)(PORT = 1521))        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))      )    )    SID_LIST_LISTENER =    (SID_LIST =       (SID_DESC =          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = woo.com)          (ORACLE_HOME = /DBSoft/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)          (SID_NAME = woo)        )    ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /DBSoft/oracle</pre> <br> <p>单节点监听信息如下:</p> <pre class="brush:sql;">LISTENER =    (DESCRIPTION_LIST =      (DESCRIPTION =        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.55)(PORT = 1521))        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))      )    )    SID_LIST_LISTENER =    (SID_LIST =       (SID_DESC =          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = woo.com)          (ORACLE_HOME = /DBSoft/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)          (SID_NAME = woo)        )    ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /DBSoft/oracle</pre> <br> <p>配置所有节点tnsname信息如下:</p> <pre class="brush:sql;">WOO =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS_LIST =        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan.woo.com)(PORT = 1521))      )      (CONNECT_DATA =        (SERVICE_NAME = woo)      )    )    DUPLICATE =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS_LIST =        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.55)(PORT = 1521))      )      (CONNECT_DATA =        (SERVER = DEDICATED)        (SERVICE_NAME = woo)      )    )</pre> <br> 六、启动数据库到nomount状态<br> <p> </p> <pre class="brush:sql;">SQL> startup nomount ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area 954155008 bytes Fixed Size 1368632 bytes Variable Size 306187720 bytes Database Buffers 641728512 bytes Redo Buffers 4870144 bytes SQL>exit                           ---------必须退出 Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining, Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options</pre> <br> <p> </p> <p>七、 在RAC端任意节点通过RMAN连接到目标实例和辅助实例，执行duplicate命令复制数据库：</p> <pre class="brush:sql;">[oracle@db01 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@woo auxiliary sys/oracle@standby     Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jun 3 19:39:00 2015     Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.     connected to target database: WOO (DBID=4218366793) connected to auxiliary database: WOO (not mounted)     RMAN> RMAN> duplicate target database to woo from active database nofilenamecheck;     Starting Duplicate Db at 03-JUN-15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK     contents of Memory Script: {     sql clone "alter system set  db_name =   ' 'WOO' ' comment=   ' 'Modified by RMAN duplicate' ' scope=spfile";     sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name =   ' 'WOO' ' comment=   ' 'Modified by RMAN duplicate' ' scope=spfile";     shutdown clone immediate;     startup clone force nomount     backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format  ' /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/control01.ctl ';     restore clone controlfile to  ' /DBSoft/oracle/fast_recovery_area/woo/control02.ctl ' from   ' /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/control01.ctl ';     alter clone database mount; } executing Memory Script sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ' 'WOO' ' comment= ' 'Modified by RMAN duplicate' ' scope=spfile     sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ' 'WOO' ' comment= ' 'Modified by RMAN duplicate' ' scope=spfile     Oracle instance shut down     Oracle instance started     Total System Global Area     954155008 bytes     Fixed Size                     1368632 bytes Variable Size                306187720 bytes Database Buffers             641728512 bytes Redo Buffers                   4870144 bytes     Starting backup at 03-JUN-15 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy copying current control file output file name=/DBSoft/oracle/product/11.2.4/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_woo.f tag=TAG20150603T194000 RECID=3 STAMP=881437202 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08 Finished backup at 03-JUN-15     Starting restore at 03-JUN-15 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK     channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy Finished restore at 03-JUN-15     database mounted     contents of Memory Script: {     sql clone ' alter database flashback off ';     set newname for datafile  1 to   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf";     set newname for datafile  2 to   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf";     set newname for datafile  3 to   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf";     set newname for datafile  4 to   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf";     backup as copy reuse     datafile  1 auxiliary format   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf"   datafile   2 auxiliary format   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile   3 auxiliary format   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile   4 auxiliary format   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf"   ;     sql ' alter system archive log current '; } executing Memory Script     sql statement: alter database flashback off     executing command: SET NEWNAME     executing command: SET NEWNAME     executing command: SET NEWNAME     executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting backup at 03-JUN-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00001 name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf output file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf tag=TAG20150603T194019 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:04:47 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00002 name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf output file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20150603T194019 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:03:07 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00003 name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf output file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20150603T194019 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00004 name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf output file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf tag=TAG20150603T194019 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished backup at 03-JUN-15     sql statement: alter system archive log current     contents of Memory Script: {     backup as copy reuse     archivelog like  "/DBArchive/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf" auxiliary format   "/DBArchive2/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf"   ;     catalog clone archivelog  "/DBArchive2/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf";     switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script     Starting backup at 03-JUN-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=63 RECID=38 STAMP=881437711 output file name=/DBArchive2/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 03-JUN-15     cataloged archived log archived log file name=/DBArchive2/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf RECID=38 STAMP=881437696     datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=881437696 file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=881437696 file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=881437696 file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=881437696 file name=/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf     contents of Memory Script: {     set until scn  1338740;     recover     clone database      delete archivelog     ; } executing Memory Script     executing command: SET until clause     Starting recover at 03-JUN-15 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1     starting media recovery     archived log for thread 1 with sequence 63 is already on disk as file /DBArchive2/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf archived log file name=/DBArchive2/archive/1_63_878860684.dbf thread=1 sequence=63 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 03-JUN-15 Oracle instance started     Total System Global Area     954155008 bytes     Fixed Size                     1368632 bytes Variable Size                306187720 bytes Database Buffers             641728512 bytes Redo Buffers                   4870144 bytes     contents of Memory Script: {     sql clone "alter system set  db_name =   ' 'WOO' ' comment=   ' 'Reset to original value by RMAN' ' scope=spfile";     sql clone "alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile";     shutdown clone immediate;     startup clone nomount; } executing Memory Script     sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ' 'WOO' ' comment= ' 'Reset to original value by RMAN' ' scope=spfile     sql statement: alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile     Oracle instance shut down     connected to auxiliary database (not started) Oracle instance started     Total System Global Area     954155008 bytes     Fixed Size                     1368632 bytes Variable Size                306187720 bytes Database Buffers             641728512 bytes Redo Buffers                   4870144 bytes sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "WOO" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG    MAXLOGFILES     16    MAXLOGMEMBERS      3    MAXDATAFILES      100    MAXINSTANCES     8    MAXLOGHISTORY      292   LOGFILE    GROUP   1 ( ' /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/redo01.log ' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,    GROUP   2 ( ' /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/redo02.log ' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,    GROUP   3 ( ' /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/redo03.log ' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE   DATAFILE    ' /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf'   CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252         contents of Memory Script: {     set newname for tempfile  1 to   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/temp01.dbf" ;     switch clone tempfile all ;     catalog clone datafilecopy  "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf" ,   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf" ,   "/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf" ;     switch clone datafile all ; } executing Memory Script     executing command: SET NEWNAME     renamed tempfile 1 to /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/temp01.dbf in control file     cataloged datafile copy datafile copy file name =/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=881437718 cataloged datafile copy datafile copy file name =/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=881437718 cataloged datafile copy datafile copy file name =/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=881437718     datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=881437718 file name =/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=881437718 file name =/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=881437718 file name =/DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf     contents of Memory Script: {     Alter clone database open resetlogs; } executing Memory Script     database opened Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database Executing: alter database flashback on Finished Duplicate Db at 03-JUN-15     RMAN></pre> <br> <h3>至此，duplicate已经完成，standby数据库已经起来了。</h3> <br> <p> </p> <pre class= "brush:sql;" >[oracle@db02 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba   SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jun 3 19:53:02 2015   Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.     Connected to : Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining, Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options   SQL> col host_name format a15 SQL> col file_name format a40 SQL> set line 150 SQL> select host_name,instance_name,status from gv$instance;   HOST_NAME INSTANCE_NAME STATUS --------------- ---------------- ------------ db02 woo OPEN   SQL> select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;   TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- SYSTEM /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/system01.dbf SYSAUX /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/sysaux01.dbf UNDOTBS1 /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/undotbs01.dbf USERS /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf</pre> <br> <p> </p> <p class= "p0" >注意:这里的nofilenamecheck参数需要解释下:</p> <p class= "p0" >如果在复制时，位置不同时，我们会用参数db_file_name_convert 对文件位置进行转换。 但是在这个复制示例中我们用的是相同的位置。 所以这里必须加上nofilenamecheck参数。 该参数通知复制操作不必在执行还原操作前确认文件名是不同的。如果没有指定nofilenamecheck参数，rman会给出如下错误：</p> <p class= "p0" >RMAN-05001: auxiliary filename /DBSoft/oracle/oradata/woo/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database </p> <br> <br> <p> </p> </eof></eof></eof></eof>