R学习之统计实验（八）--统计次数概率问题（R语言编程）-----数模

问题

从1~10随机有放回选7个数，求10恰好出现2次的概率．分别作理论和模拟分析

直接R模拟（大数定律）

doubleten<-function(n){
  m<-0
  for (i in 1:n) {
    u<-runif(7)
    x<-floor(u*10)+1
    if(sum(x==10)==2){m=m+1}
  }
 rt<-c('两个10的概率'=m/n);rt
}
doubleten(10000)

其中函数说明

sum
是不是很奇怪为什么这里sum实现了统计某个值个数的操作！！！！
下面是官网文档，没有显示特别的关于统计某个值个数的操作。

Description

sum returns the sum of all the values present in its arguments.

Usage

sum(…, na.rm = FALSE)
Arguments

…
numeric or complex or logical vectors.
na.rm
logical. Should missing values (including NaN) be removed?
Examples

Pass a vector to sum, and it will add the elements together.
sum(1:5)

Pass several numbers to sum, and it also adds the elements.
sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

In fact, you can pass vectors into several arguments, and everything gets added.
sum(1:2, 3:5)

If there are missing values, the sum is unknown, i.e., also missing, ….
sum(1:5, NA)
… unless we exclude missing values explicitly:
sum(1:5, NA, na.rm = TRUE)

调试分析，原来原因如下

> a<-c(1,2,2,3,3,3)
> a==3
[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE
> sum(a==3)
[1] 3

赞叹此法真的巧妙！！！

运行结果

> doubleten<-function(n){
+   m<-0
+   for (i in 1:n) {
+     u<-runif(7)
+     x<-floor(u*10)+1
+     if(sum(x==10)==2){m=m+1}
+   }
+  rt<-c('两个10的概率'=m/n);rt
+ }
> doubleten(10000)
两个10的概率 
       0.122 

DONE！！！