[Inheritance]Animal & Human问题总结

一开始main.cpp里的下面两句总是报错   

 const human & q = h;

    q.greeting();

报错信息：

编译失败

main.cpp: In function 'int main()':main.cpp:17:16: error: passing 'const human' as 'this' argument discards qualifiers [-fpermissive] q.greeting(); ^In file included from main.cpp:4:0:human.h:33:6: note: in call to 'void human::greeting()' void human::greeting(){ ^

原因总结过来就是：

 const human & q = h;
    q.greeting();
这句话的“ const human & q = h;”q是h的引用，而且是const的，所以q 是const变量（那么对象也算是变量）而const变量只能调用const函数，所以我们写这个  greeting()函数时应该把它写成const 函数（我之前不明白的是为什么要把它写成const..而不是普通函数）

所以一开始的greeting()函数我应该写成const，而const函数只能访问const变量，于是乎，

string  _species;

string _name;
int _eyes;需要全部改成const变量，因此，到了最后不止greeting()函数应该写成const，还有print_eyes()也需要，因为里面访问的数据域也是const的，所以它也要变成const 函数。

最后贴上题目：

Description

First, write a base class animal in animal.h, which has 2 attributes: string _species and int _eyes. This class should also have a method: void printeyes(), which can printf "species has _eyes eyes." on screen.

Then, you are required to write a human class which is an inheritance class of animal. Its _species should always be "Human" and of course we have 2 eyes. The human class has an extra attribute: string _name. And it is able to say hello to us with an extra method, void greeting() : "Hello, I'm _name."

以及已经给出来的 mian.cpp：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "animal.h"
#include "human.h"


int main() {
    std::string s, n;
    int e;
    std::cin >> s >> e >> n;
    animal * p = new animal(s, e);
    p->print_eyes();
    delete p;
    human h(n);
    p = &h;
    p->print_eyes();
    const human & q = h;
    q.greeting();
    return 0;
}