Ubuntu下Nginx安装和简单配置

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-11 23:38:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-11 23:38:34 发布

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文章标签： nginx ubuntu

原文链接：https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-and-configure-nginx#1-overview

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Ubuntu-Nginx指南

Overview

Nginx (pronounced as “Engine-X”) is an open source web server that is often used as reverse proxy or HTTP cache. It is available for Linux for free.

In this tutorial we’ll install Nginx and set up a basic site.

What you’ll need

A computer running Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS
Some basic knowledge of command line use

Installing Nginx

To install Nginx, use following command:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

After installing it, you already have everything you need.

You can point your browser to your server IP address. You should see this page:
在这里插入图片描述

Creating our own website

Default page is placed in /var/www/html/ location. You can place your static pages here, or use virtual host and place it other location.

Virtual host is a method of hosting multiple domain names on the same server.

Let’s create simple HTML page in /var/www/tutorial/ (it can be anything you want). Create index.html file in this location.

cd /var/www
sudo mkdir tutorial
cd tutorial
sudo "${EDITOR:-vi}" index.html

Paste the following to the index.html file:

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Hello, Nginx!</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello, Nginx!</h1>
    <p>We have just configured our Nginx web server on Ubuntu Server!</p>
</body>
</html>

Save this file. In next step we are going to set up virtual host to make Nginx use pages from this location.

Setting up virtual host

To set up virtual host, we need to create file in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ directory.

cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
sudo "${EDITOR:-vi}" tutorial

server {
       listen 81;
       listen [::]:81;

       server_name example.ubuntu.com;

       root /var/www/tutorial;
       index index.html;

       location / {
               try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
       }
}

root is a directory where we have placed our .html file. index is used to specify file available when visiting root directory of site. server_name can be anything you want, because you aren’t pointing it to any real domain by now.

Activating virtual host and testing results

To make our site working, simply restart Nginx service.

sudo service nginx restart

Let’s check if everything works as it should. Open our newly created site in web browser. Remember that we used :81 port.
在这里插入图片描述

Congratulations! Everything works as it should. We have just configured Nginx web server.

Syntax

Once nginx is started, it can be controlled by invoking the executable with the -s parameter. Use the following syntax:

nginx -s signal

Where signal may be one of the following:

stop — fast shutdown
quit — graceful shutdown
reload — reloading the configuration file
reopen — reopening the log files

A signal may also be sent to nginx processes with the help of Unix tools such as the kill utility. In this case a signal is sent directly to a process with a given process ID. The process ID of the nginx master process is written, by default, to the nginx.pid in the directory /usr/local/nginx/logs or /var/run. For example, if the master process ID is 1628, to send the QUIT signal resulting in nginx’s graceful shutdown, execute: