使用BaseServlet简化Servlet方法

在JavaWeb的开发中,经常要写很多功能,这些功能交由Servlet处理。如果一个功能写一个Servlet,那么文件杂乱,不好管理。因此可以把不同的Servlet集成到一个Servlet中,要用哪个直接调用类中的方法即可。

功能
​ baseServlet重写了service方法。在HttpServlet中的service()方法有两个,service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)用于接受标准的http请求,根据不同的请求方式转到不同的doXXX(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse)方法,这是受保护的方法(protected);service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)是公共(public)方法,一般重写此方法,用于接收客户端请求并传递给service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)方法。

​ 从代码中可以看到,在servlet默认情况下,无论是get还是post请求,都会先经过protected域的service()方法来处理,之后转向doGet()或者doPost()方法。而baseServlet重写了protected域的service方法,这里的方法就不会转向doXXX,而是直接执行重写后的service方法。

​ 因此,baseServlet重写service后不用再写doGet()和doPost()方法。

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        long lastModified;
        if (method.equals("GET")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1L) {
                this.doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) {
                    this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    this.doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(304);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            this.doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("POST")) {
            this.doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("PUT")) {
            this.doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) {
            this.doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) {
            this.doOptions(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) {
            this.doTrace(req, resp);
        } else {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method};
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
        }

    }

public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
        if (req instanceof HttpServletRequest && res instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
            HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
            HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
            this.service(request, response);
        } else {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
    }

​ 下面是重写的baseServlet:

  1. 获取请求的URI并提取出其中的method

    request.getRequestURI()

    uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf('/')+1):得到请求链接‘/’后面的字段,可以人为设置为方法名。

  2. 利用反射灵活地调用其他servlet总类中的方法

    this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class;

    method.invoke(this,request,response);

/**baseServlet.java**/
package web.servlet;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class baseServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("baseServlet的service方法被执行啦。。。");
        String uri = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println("请求uri:"+uri);
        String methodName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);//这样就不会包含'/'
        System.out.println("方法名称:"+methodName);
        System.out.println(this);

        try {
            Method method = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            method.invoke(this,request,response);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将传入的对象序列化为json,并返回客户端
     * @param object
     * @param response
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void writeValue(Object object, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset:utf-8");
        mapper.writeValue(response.getOutputStream(),object);
    }

    /**
     * 将传入的对象序列化为json,返回
     * @param object
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public String writeValueAsString(Object object) throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
    }

}

这样,可以写不同分类下的Servlet,让他们继承baseServlet即可,@WebServlet(“/user/*”)可以让user/路径下的请求均重定向到userServlet中的方法来执行。

/**userServlet.java**/

@WebServlet("/user/*")
public class userServlet extends baseServlet {
    private UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();

    /* * 判断验证码是否正确* */
    public void VerifyCheckCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ...
    }

    /* * 判断注册时的用户名是否已经存在* */
    public void CheckUsername(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ...
    }

    /* * 用户注册* */
    public void Register(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ...
    }

    /* * 用户登录* */
    public void Login(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        Map<String, String[]> login_inf = request.getParameterMap();
        User user = new User();

        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(user, login_inf);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //判断用户名和密码是否正确
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("active", false);
        User checkUser = service.login(login_inf.get("username")[0],
                login_inf.get("password")[0]);

        if (checkUser == null) {
            request.setAttribute("loginError", "❌用户名或密码错误");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        }
        if (checkUser != null && !"Y".equals(checkUser.getStatus())) {
            request.setAttribute("loginError", "❌您尚未激活,请激活");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        } else if (checkUser != null && "Y".equals(checkUser.getStatus())){
            session.setAttribute("CurrentUser", checkUser);
            session.setAttribute("active", true);
            request.getSession().removeAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/index.jsp");
        }
    }

    /* * 退出登录* */
    public void Exit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ...
    }

    /* * 用户激活* */
    public void Active(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ...
    }

    /* * 创建验证码* */
    public void CreateCheckCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ...
    }

    /* * 产生4位随机字符串* */
    private String getCheckCode() {
        ...
    }

}

比如,我在jsp中form提交表头这样写:<form id="loginForm" action="user/Login" method="post">,提交后会因为反射机制自动指向userServlet下的Login方法。该方法里的写法和单独写一个Servlet是一样的。

这种方式还可以应用于网页的异步更新,比如可以写:

$(function () {
            $("#check").blur(function () {
                //检查验证码是否正确
                let checkcode = $(this).val();
                let span = $("#s_check");
                $.get("user/VerifyCheckCode", {check: checkcode}, function (data) {
                        span.html(data.msg_check);
                        flag_check = data.msg_flag;
                    }
                );
            });
            // alert(flag_check);
            $("#loginForm").submit(function () {
                return flag_check;//验证码正确则执行提交操作,否则停留在前端。
            })
        });

参考资料
https://blog.csdn.net/FantasySxan/article/details/80264250
https://blog.csdn.net/muyihuakai/article/details/5858792

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