打开一个程序的同时,就是一个进程开启了,在一个程序中同时运行的多个独立流程,每一个独立的流程就是一个线程,多个线程之间并发执行,互相抢占资源。线程是整个应用程序中更小的单元,main方法就是一个线程,他是主线程,程序启动首先要调用main方法,实现多线程一般有2种方法
1.继承Thread类,重写run方法。
2.实现Runable接口,覆盖run方法。
package testThread;
public class TestThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//当前线程
//System.out.println(Thread.currentThread());
Thread1 t1=new Thread1();
t1.setPriority(10);//优先级别,默认5最大10
//Thread2 t2=new Thread2();
//Runable中只用Run方法,被重写,没有start方法,但是Thread中有start方法
Thread tt2=new Thread(new Thread2());
t1.start();//启动线程不一定立马运行,要看它是否能抢占资源,启动线程自动调用Run方法
tt2.start();
System.out.println("main:"+t1.getState());
}
}
class Thread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
System.out.println("i="+i);
System.out.println(getState());
}
}
}
//实现Runnable也要覆盖run方法
class Thread2 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for(int j=0;j<5;j++){
System.out.println("j="+j);
System.out.println(getState());
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
1.两种方法中,第一种方法更好些,但是主要看实际情况,比如这个类已经继承了某个类,肯定就不能再继承Thread类了
2.执行顺序不固定,要看优先级别,也要看谁先抢占到资源
3.main方法中不能直接调用run方法,要调用start方法
4.程序中3个线程,初始状态,可运行状态,运行状态,终结状态,一旦调用sleep(),进入阻塞状态,把资源让出来
例子:socket(TCP多人聊天室)
package tcp;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Server2 {
Socket socket1=null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Server2 server2=new Server2();
server2.sendmessage();
}
public void sendmessage()throws IOException{
ServerSocket serversocket=new ServerSocket(9999);
socket1=serversocket.accept();
MessageRevice messageRevice=new MessageRevice();
messageRevice.start();
//给客户端发消息
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket1.getOutputStream())) ;
while(true){
System.out.println("请输入消息:");
String str=sc.nextLine();
bw.write(str+"\r\n");
bw.flush();
if(str.equals("end")){
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 服务器接收客户端的线程类
* @author Administrator
*
*/
class MessageRevice extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try {
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket1.getInputStream())) ;
while(true){
String str=br.readLine();
System.out.println("客户端说:"+str);
if(str.equals("end")){
break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
package tcp;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Client2 {
Socket client;
public Client2() throws UnknownHostException, IOException{
client = new Socket("192.168.1.110", 9999);
ClientReviceMess crm=new ClientReviceMess();
crm.start();//启动线程
// 给服务器发消息
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(client.getOutputStream()));
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("请输入给服务器的消息");
String str = sc.nextLine();
bw.write(str + "\r\n");
bw.flush();
if (str.equals("end")) {
break;
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
Client2 c=new Client2();
}
/**
* 客户端接收消息的线程
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
class ClientReviceMess extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( client.getInputStream())) ;
while(true){
String str=br.readLine();
System.out.println("服务器说:"+str);
if(str.equals("end")){
break;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}