C语言---%.*s

格式控制符：%.*s

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	int i=0;
	for(i=0;i<3;i++){
		printf("%.*s%s\n",i,"##","#");
	}
    return 0;
}

结果如下：

#
##
###

• 从结果来看%.*s接的对应整数表示最大字符串输出的宽度
• 为了验证去看了一下linux源码里printf(…)是这样写的：

int printf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	char printf_buf[1024];
	va_list args;
	int printed;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	printed = vsprintf(printf_buf, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);

	puts(printf_buf);

	return printed;
}

• 再看一下vsprintf(…)的源码：

int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
	int len;
	unsigned long num;
	int i, base;
	char *str;
	const char *s;

	int flags;		/* flags to number() */

	int field_width;	/* width of output field */
	int precision;		/* min. # of digits for integers; max
				   number of chars for from string */
	int qualifier;		/* 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields */

	for (str = buf; *fmt; ++fmt) {
		if (*fmt != '%') {
			*str++ = *fmt;
			continue;
		}

		/* process flags */
		flags = 0;
	      repeat:
		++fmt;		/* this also skips first '%' */
		switch (*fmt) {
		case '-':
			flags |= LEFT;
			goto repeat;
		case '+':
			flags |= PLUS;
			goto repeat;
		case ' ':
			flags |= SPACE;
			goto repeat;
		case '#':
			flags |= SPECIAL;
			goto repeat;
		case '0':
			flags |= ZEROPAD;
			goto repeat;
		}

		/* get field width */
		field_width = -1;
		if (isdigit(*fmt))
			field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
		else if (*fmt == '*') {
			++fmt;
			/* it's the next argument */
			field_width = va_arg(args, int);
			if (field_width < 0) {
				field_width = -field_width;
				flags |= LEFT;
			}
		}

		/* get the precision */
		precision = -1;
		if (*fmt == '.') {
			++fmt;
			if (isdigit(*fmt))
				precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
			else if (*fmt == '*') {
				++fmt;
				/* it's the next argument */
				precision = va_arg(args, int);
			}
			if (precision < 0)
				precision = 0;
		}

		/* get the conversion qualifier */
		qualifier = -1;
		if (*fmt == 'h' || *fmt == 'l' || *fmt == 'L') {
			qualifier = *fmt;
			++fmt;
		}

		/* default base */
		base = 10;

		switch (*fmt) {
		case 'c':
			if (!(flags & LEFT))
				while (--field_width > 0)
					*str++ = ' ';
			*str++ = (unsigned char)va_arg(args, int);
			while (--field_width > 0)
				*str++ = ' ';
			continue;

		case 's':
			s = va_arg(args, char *);
			len = strnlen(s, precision);

			if (!(flags & LEFT))
				while (len < field_width--)
					*str++ = ' ';
			for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
				*str++ = *s++;
			while (len < field_width--)
				*str++ = ' ';
			continue;

		case 'p':
			if (field_width == -1) {
				field_width = 2 * sizeof(void *);
				flags |= ZEROPAD;
			}
			str = number(str,
				     (unsigned long)va_arg(args, void *), 16,
				     field_width, precision, flags);
			continue;

		case 'n':
			if (qualifier == 'l') {
				long *ip = va_arg(args, long *);
				*ip = (str - buf);
			} else {
				int *ip = va_arg(args, int *);
				*ip = (str - buf);
			}
			continue;

		case '%':
			*str++ = '%';
			continue;

			/* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
		case 'o':
			base = 8;
			break;

		case 'x':
			flags |= SMALL;
		case 'X':
			base = 16;
			break;

		case 'd':
		case 'i':
			flags |= SIGN;
		case 'u':
			break;

		default:
			*str++ = '%';
			if (*fmt)
				*str++ = *fmt;
			else
				--fmt;
			continue;
		}
		if (qualifier == 'l')
			num = va_arg(args, unsigned long);
		else if (qualifier == 'h') {
			num = (unsigned short)va_arg(args, int);
			if (flags & SIGN)
				num = (short)num;
		} else if (flags & SIGN)
			num = va_arg(args, int);
		else
			num = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
		str = number(str, num, base, field_width, precision, flags);
	}
	*str = '\0';
	return str - buf;
}

• 对%.*是这样处理的：

		/* get the precision */
		precision = -1;
		if (*fmt == '.') {
			++fmt;
			if (isdigit(*fmt))
				precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
			else if (*fmt == '*') {
				++fmt;
				/* it's the next argument */
				precision = va_arg(args, int);
			}
			if (precision < 0)
				precision = 0;
		}

即碰到%.*将解析一个整数

precision = va_arg(args, int);

至于参数precision的作用，前面写注释了：

int precision;		/* min. # of digits for integers; max number of chars for from string */			 

好吧没什么特殊的，哈哈，就是字符串的最大长度(还以为发现了什么了不得的东西)