12.共享内存区介绍_内存共享区又是什么-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36337149/article/details/88670189

12.2 mmap、munmap和msync函数

1.接口

#include <sys/mman.h>
void *mmap(void *addr,size_t len,int prot,int flags,int fd,off_t offset);
int munmap(void *addr,size_t len);
int msync(void *addr,size_t len,int flags);//同步内存映射文件与内存映射区

mmap返回值：
- 描述符fd所映射到内存区的起始地址
说明
- 映射之后不用write或read了，可以简化代码
- 可以作为一种进程间共享内存的方式
下面是一个与信号灯一起实现进程间通信的例子

#include	"unpipc.h"

struct shared {
  sem_t	mutex;		/* the mutex: a Posix memory-based semaphore */
  int	count;		/* and the counter */
} shared;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int		fd, i, nloop;
	struct shared 	*ptr;

	if (argc != 3)
		err_quit("usage: incr3 <pathname> <#loops>");
	nloop = atoi(argv[2]);

		/* 4open file, initialize to 0, map into memory */
	fd = Open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_CREAT, FILE_MODE);
	Write(fd, &shared, sizeof(struct shared));
	ptr = Mmap(NULL, sizeof(struct shared), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
			   MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
    //ptr = Mmap(NULL, sizeof(struct shared), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
	//		   MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANON, -1, 0);//匿名内存映射
	Close(fd);

		/* 4initialize semaphore that is shared between processes */
	Sem_init(&ptr->mutex, 1, 1);

	setbuf(stdout, NULL);	/* stdout is unbuffered */
	if (Fork() == 0) {		/* child */
		for (i = 0; i < nloop; i++) {
			Sem_wait(&ptr->mutex);
			printf("child: %d\n", ptr->count++);
			Sem_post(&ptr->mutex);
		}
		exit(0);
	}
		/* 4parent */
	for (i = 0; i < nloop; i++) {
		Sem_wait(&ptr->mutex);
		printf("parent: %d\n", ptr->count++);
		Sem_post(&ptr->mutex);
	}
	exit(0);
}