Docker概述 、 部署Docker 、 Docker镜像 、 Docker基本命令案例

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NSD CLOUD DAY04

  1. 案例1:安装Docker
  2. 案例2:镜像基本操作
  3. 案例3:镜像与容器常用指令

1 案例1:安装Docker

1.1 问题

本案例要求配置yum源并安装Docker:

  • 准备两台虚拟机,IP为192.168.1.31和192.168.1.32
  • 安装docker
  • 关闭防火墙

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:配置yum源

1)配置IP(虚拟机配置静态ip)docker1和docker2主机同样操作

 
  1. [root@localhost ~]# echo docker1 > /etc/hostname
  2. [root@localhost ~]# hostname docker1
  3. [root@localhost ~]# echo docker2 > /etc/hostname
  4. [root@localhost ~]# hostname docker2
  5. [root@docker1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
  6. # Generated by dracut initrd
  7. DEVICE="eth0"
  8. ONBOOT="yes"
  9. IPV6INIT="no"
  10. IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
  11. NM_CONTROLLED="no"
  12. TYPE="Ethernet"
  13. BOOTPROTO="static"
  14. IPADDR="192.168.1.31"
  15. PREFIX=24
  16. GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
  17. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart network
  18.  
  19. [root@docker2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
  20. # Generated by dracut initrd
  21. DEVICE="eth0"
  22. ONBOOT="yes"
  23. IPV6INIT="no"
  24. IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
  25. NM_CONTROLLED="no"
  26. TYPE="Ethernet"
  27. BOOTPROTO="static"
  28. IPADDR="192.168.1.32"
  29. PREFIX=24
  30. GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
  31. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart network

2)配置yum客户端,配置之前openstack的扩展源(RHEL7-extras.iso)即可(docker1和docker2主机同样操作)

 
  1. [root@docker1 ]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo
  2. ...
  3. [local_extras]
  4. name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
  5. baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras"
  6. enabled=1
  7. gpgcheck=0
  8.  
  9. [root@docker2 ]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo
  10. ...
  11. [local_extras]
  12. name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
  13. baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras"
  14. enabled=1
  15. gpgcheck=0

4)安装docker(docker1和docker2主机同样操作)

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# yum -y install docker
  2. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
  3. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl enable docker
  4. [root@docker1 ~]# ifconfig     //有docker0说明环境部署完成
  5. docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
  6. inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
  7. ether 02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
  8. RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
  9. RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
  10. TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
  11. TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
  12. [root@docker1 ~]# docker version        //查看版本
  13.  
  14. [root@docker2 ~]# yum -y install docker
  15. [root@docker2 ~]# systemctl restart docker
  16. [root@docker2 ~]# systemctl enable docker
  17. [root@docker2 ~]# ifconfig     //有docker0说明环境部署完成
  18. docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
  19. inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
  20. ether 02:42:53:82:b9:d4 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
  21. RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
  22. RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
  23. TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
  24. TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
  25. [root@docker2 ~]# docker version        //查看版本

2 案例2:镜像基本操作

2.1 问题

本案例要求熟悉镜像的基本操作:

  • 导入镜像
  • 导出镜像
  • 启动镜像

2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:docker镜像

1)下载镜像

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker pull docker.io/busybox
  2. [root@docker1 bulid]# docker pull docker.io/busybox
  3. Using default tag: latest
  4. Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox ...
  5. latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox
  6. Digest: sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f

2)上传镜像

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker push docker.io/busybox

3)查看镜像

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker images
  2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  3. docker.io/busybox latest d8233ab899d4 10 days ago 1.199 MB

4)查找busybox镜像

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker search docker.io/busybox

5)导出busybox镜像为busybox.tar

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker save docker.io/busybox:latest -o busybox.tar
  2. [root@docker1 ~]# ls
  3. busybox.tar

6)导入镜像

 
  1. [root@docker1 ~]# scp nginx.tar root@192.168.1.32:/root
  2. [root@docker2 ~]# ls
  3. nginx.tar
  4. [root@docker2 ~]# docker load -i nginx.tar
  5. 3c816b4ead84: Loading layer 58.47 MB/58.47 MB
  6. 787822cf1b17: Loading layer 54.44 MB/54.44 MB
  7. 89decbdf7fb7: Loading layer 3.584 kB/3.584 kB
  8. Loaded image: docker.io/nginx:latest/3.584 kB
  9. [root@docker2 ~]# docker images
  10. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  11. docker.io/nginx latest 42b4762643dc 4 weeks ago 109.2 M e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB

7)删除镜像

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx
  2. Untagged: docker.io/nginx:latest
  3. Deleted: sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c
  4. Deleted: sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c
  5. Deleted: sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45
  6. Deleted: sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313

步骤二:一次性导入多个镜像

 
  1. [student@room9pc01 04]$ cd /linux-soft/04/
  2. [student@room9pc01 04]$ scp -r docker/ root@192.168.1.31:/root/
  3. [root@docker1 ~]# cd docker
  4. [root@docker1 docker]# ls
  5. centos.tar nginx.tar redis.tar registry.tar ubuntu.tar
  6. [root@docker1 docker]# docker images
  7. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  8. [root@docker1 docker]# for i in * ; do docker load -i $i; done
  9. bcc97fbfc9e1: Loading layer 208.2 MB/208.2 MB
  10. Loaded image: docker.io/centos:latest208.2 MB
  11. Loaded image: docker.io/nginx:latest
  12. a098f8909d23: Loading layer 338.4 kB/338.4 kB
  13. c3bc3362d4ff: Loading layer 3.034 MB/3.034 MB
  14. bf10d8534af6: Loading layer 36.4 MB/36.4 MB
  15. 0949ce28adcc: Loading layer 1.536 kB/1.536 kB
  16. b1f287cac208: Loading layer 3.584 kB/3.584 kB
  17. Loaded image: docker.io/redis:latest/3.584 kB
  18. 7bff100f35cb: Loading layer 4.672 MB/4.672 MB
  19. 6b6e0aba7201: Loading layer 1.587 MB/1.587 MB
  20. 18429e86e6ad: Loading layer 20.08 MB/20.08 MB
  21. 7b33b7de3d52: Loading layer 3.584 kB/3.584 kB
  22. 726e86b708de: Loading layer 2.048 kB/2.048 kB
  23. Loaded image: docker.io/registry:latest048 kB
  24. adcb570ae9ac: Loading layer 89.95 MB/89.95 MB
  25. 7604c8714555: Loading layer 15.87 kB/15.87 kB
  26. 9e9d3c3a7458: Loading layer 11.26 kB/11.26 kB
  27. 27a216ffe825: Loading layer 3.072 kB/3.072 kB
  28. Loaded image: docker.io/ubuntu:latest3.072 kB
  29. [root@docker1 docker]# docker images

导入多个镜像如图-1所示:

图-1

步骤三:启动镜像

1)启动centos镜像生成一个容器

启动镜像时若不知道后面的命令加什么:

1、可以猜(如:/bin/bash、/bin/sh)

2、可以不加后面的命令,默认启动

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run -it docker.io/centos /bin/bash
  2. [root@7a652fc72a9f /]# ls /
  3. anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
  4. [root@7a652fc72a9f /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  5. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
  6. CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo
  7. CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
  8. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# rm -rf C*
  9. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
  10. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo //在容器里面配置一个yum源
  11. [local]
  12. name=local
  13. baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system
  14. enable=1
  15. gpgcheck=0
  16. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# yum -y install net-tools //安装软件
  17. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# exit
  18. exit

3 案例3:镜像与容器常用指令

3.1 问题

本案例要求掌握镜像与容器的常用命令:

  • 镜像常用指令练习
  • 容器常用指令练习

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:镜像常用命令

1)查看后台运行的容器

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker run -d docker.io/nginx //启动nginx的镜像
  2. [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps    //查看后台运行的容器
  3. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
  4. 81458156f6e8 docker.io/nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 80/tcp pedantic_goldberg

2)只显示容器ID

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps -q
  2. 81458156f6e8

3)显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps -a

4)显示所有的容器ID

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps -qa
  2. 81458156f6e8
  3. 3656f1978967

5)查看centos镜像历史(制作过程),如图-2所示:

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker history docker.io/centos

图-2

7)删除镜像,启动容器时删除镜像会失败,先删除容器,再删除镜像

格式:docker rmi 镜像名

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi nginx //nginx为镜像名
  2. Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx" (must force) - container 81458156f6e8 is using its referenced image 42b4762643dc
  3. //删除时报错
  4.  
  5. [root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 81
  6. 81
  7. [root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 81
  8. 81
  9. [root@docker2 ~]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx //删除nginx镜像
  10. Untagged: docker.io/nginx:latest
  11. Deleted: sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c
  12. Deleted: sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c
  13. Deleted: sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45
  14. Deleted: sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313

8)修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1
  2. [root@docker2 ~]# docker images
  3. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  4. docker.io/centos latest 42b4762643dc 4 weeks ago 109.2 MB
  5. docker.io/cen v1 42b4762643dc 4 weeks ago 109.2 MB

9)查看镜像的底层信息,如图-3所示:

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect docker.io/centos

图-3

10)修改镜像的标签

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1
  2. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images
  3. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
  4. docker.io/cen v1 e934aafc2206 5 months ago 198.6 MB
  5. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi docker.io/centos //删除centos
  6. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
  7. //启动的时候,因为是用标签标签启动的,所以会重新通过ID下载
  8. [root@docker1 docker]# docker run -it docker.io/centos
  9. Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
  10. Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/centos ...
  11. Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ...
  12. latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
  13. a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete
  14. Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
  15. [root@b6c5f16461f5 /]#
  16.  
  17.  
  18. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it docker.io/cen:v1
  19. //通过新建的标签启动docker.io/cen:v1

步骤二:容器命令

1)关闭容器

命令:docker stop 容器ID

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f //0f为容器ID
  2. 0f

2)启动容器

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker start 0f
  2. 0f

3)重启容器

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker restart 0f
  2. 0f

4)删除容器

运行中删除不掉,先关闭容器

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f //删除失败
  2. Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
  3. [root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f //关闭容器
  4. 0f
  5. [root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f         //删除成功
  6. 0f
  7. [root@docker1 docker]#

5)连接容器attach|exec

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker attach 0f
  2. [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps //容器关闭
  3. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
  4. [root@docker1 docker]# docker exec -it 0f /bin/bash
  5. [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps        //容器不会关闭
  6. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
  7. 0b3c50284a1c docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes tiny_lamarr
  8.  
  9. [root@docker1 docker]# docker top f7        //查看容器进程列表
  10. [root@docker1 docker]# docker run -itd docker.io/centos:latest
  11. 76e7577cff5d8a3ec877d3ea564fed2fb502bd4a0447705bec269a646d414d07
  12. [root@docker1 docker]# ps
  13. PID TTY TIME CMD
  14. 5552 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
  15. 6739 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
  16.  
  17. [root@docker1 docker]# docker exec -it 76 /bin/bash
  18. [root@76e7577cff5d /]# sleep 50 &
  19. [1] 30
  20. [root@76e7577cff5d /]# exit
  21. exit
  22.  
  23. [root@docker1 docker]# docker top 76
  24. UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
  25. root 6708 6691 0 17:00 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
  26. UID PID PPID C STIME     TTY         TIME      CMD
  27. root 2744 2729 0 18:01 pts/4 00:00:00 /bin/bash

6)过滤查看mac和ip地址

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' 76
  2. 02:42:ac:11:00:04
  3. [root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 76
  4. 172.17.0.4

7)修改nginx的显示内容

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run -it docker.io/nginx:latest
  2.  

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec -it 56 /bin/bash
  2. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/
  3. nginx: invalid option: "/usr/share/nginx/html/" //查找并显示结果
  4. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# echo aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
  5. //修改主页显示的内容
  6. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T
  7. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
  8. aaa

8)过滤查看nginx的ip地址

 
  1. [root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' a6
  2. 172.17.0.3
  3. [root@docker1 docker]# curl 172.17.0.3
  4. aaa
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