utf-8
$str = '中文';
$pattern = '/[\x{4e00}-\x{9fa5}/u';
preg_match($pattern,$str,$match);
var_dump($match);
GBK
$str = '中文';
$parrern = '/['.chr(0xb0).'-'.chr(0xf7).']['.chr(0xa1).'-'.chr(0xfe).']'/
preg_match($pattern,$str,$match);
var_dump($match);