设计模式-观察者模式

定义

定义：定义了对象之间的一对多的依赖，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象，党主体对象发生变化时，它的所有依赖者（观察者）都会受到通知并更新

类型

行为型

适用场景

关联行为场景，建立一套触发机制

优点

观察者与被观察者之间建立一个抽象的耦合
观察者模式支持广播通信

缺点

观察者之间有过多的细节依赖，提高时间消耗及程序复杂度
使用要得到，要避免循环调用

coding

import java.util.Observable;

public class Course extends Observable {

    private String courseName;

    public Course(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }

    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }

    public void produceQuestion(Course course, Question question){
        System.out.println(question.getUserName() + " 在 " + course.getCourseName() + " 提交了一个问题");
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers(question);
    }
}

public class Question {

    private String userName;
    private String questionContent;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getQuestionContent() {
        return questionContent;
    }

    public void setQuestionContent(String questionContent) {
        this.questionContent = questionContent;
    }
}

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class Teacher implements Observer {

    private String teacherName;

    public Teacher(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        Course course = (Course) o;
        Question question = (Question) arg;
        System.out.println(teacherName + "老师的" + course.getCourseName() + "课程接收到一个 " + question.getUserName() + " 提交的问答： " + question.getQuestionContent());
    }
}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Course course = new Course("java设计精讲");

        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("大老师");
        course.addObserver(teacher);

        Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher("小老师");
        course.addObserver(teacher2);

        Question question = new Question();
        question.setUserName("王同学");
        question.setQuestionContent("主函数如何编写");

        course.produceQuestion(course, question);

    }

}

源码应用

1、java.awt.Event.java
2、org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
3、org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ReaderEventListener
4、guava实现

import com.google.common.eventbus.Subscribe;

public class GuavaEvent  {

    @Subscribe
    public void subscribe(String str) {
        //业务逻辑
        System.out.println("执行Subscribe方法，传入的参数是：" + str);
    }

}

import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;

public class GuavaEventTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
        GuavaEvent guavaEvent = new GuavaEvent();
        eventBus.register(guavaEvent);
        eventBus.post("post的内容");
    }

}