php中判断memcache中key，value是否存在

1.memcache简介

memcache是一套分布式高速缓存软件，用于数据缓存及分布式网站session存储等。使用key=>value方式存储，支持数据压缩存储处理及数据过期处理。
value只支持string，如需要其他格式，可以先转换为json再保存。

使用方法：

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Memcache;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->connect(<span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11211</span>);

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 保存数据</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 读取数据</span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code><code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"></span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Memcache;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->connect(<span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11211</span>);

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 保存数据</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 读取数据</span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Memcache;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->connect(<span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11211</span>);

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 保存数据</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 读取数据</span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>

用memcache作为数据缓存，步骤一般是 1.判断memcache是否有数据，如果有则直接返回，否则从数据源中获取数据。 2.从数据源获取数据后，写入memcache作为缓存，留待下次请求时使用。

2.判断memcache数据是否存在

判断memcache是否有数据，一般是通过get方法获取数据，根据数据是否false来判断。

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Memcache;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->connect(<span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11211</span>);

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->delete(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 不存在<br>'</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">
</span></span></code><pre class="prettyprint" name="code"><code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Memcache;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->connect(<span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11211</span>);

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->delete(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo 不存在<br>'</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>

但这样判断不够严谨，如果value是false或null时则会被判断为不存在，我们可以通过判断key是否存在来判断数据是否存在。

3.判断memcache key是否存在

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="php"><span class="hljs-preprocessor"><?php</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Memcache;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->connect(<span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11211</span>);

<span class="hljs-comment">// 正常值判断</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'正常值判断:'</span>;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(check_key_exists(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// false判断</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'false判断:'</span>;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(check_key_exists(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// null判断</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'null判断:'</span>;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(check_key_exists(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// 数据过期后判断,1秒后过期</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'过期判断:'</span>;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
sleep(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(check_key_exists(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// delete后判断</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'delete后判断:'</span>;
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->set(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">100</span>);
<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->delete(<span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(check_key_exists(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'foo'</span>)){
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key存在<br>'</span>;
}<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">'foo key不存在<br>'</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-comment">/**
 *<span class="hljs-phpdoc"> @param</span> Obj      $m    memcache obj
 *<span class="hljs-phpdoc"> @param</span> String   $name key name
 *<span class="hljs-phpdoc"> @return</span> Boolean
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">check_key_exists</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>, <span class="hljs-variable">$name</span>)</span>{</span>
    <span class="hljs-variable">$data</span> = <span class="hljs-variable">$m</span>->get(<span class="hljs-variable">$name</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$data</span>!==<span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">?></span></span></code>

输出：
正常值判断:foo key存在
false判断:foo key存在
null判断:foo key存在
过期判断:foo key不存在
delete后判断:foo key不存在


只有key被delete或已经过期才判断为不存在，其他情况即使value为null/false，都是存在的。

注意：如果value的值是false，使用memcache get方法获取到的是“”空字符串，因为memcache只能保存string数据，所以false在保存时被转为空字符串了。