static_cast 与 dynamic_cast的区别

static_cast
用于任何具有明确定义的类型之间的转换，只要不包含底层const，都可以使用！
const char *cp = “C++”; char *q = static_cast< char* >(cp);

上面这句就是错误的，static_cast不能去掉底层const
用于基本类型间的转换，但不能用于基本类型指针间的转换！
用于有继承关系类对象之间的转换和类指针之间的转换！

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Base {
public:
	void func() { cout << "Base::func()" << endl; }	
	void print() { cout << "Base::print()" << endl; }

	virtual void virtualPrint() { cout << "Base::virtualPrint()" << endl; }
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:

	void print() { cout << "Derived::print()" << endl; }
	virtual void virtualPrint() { cout << "Derived::virtualPrint()" << endl; }

};

int main()
{
	Base *base = new Base();
	Derived *derived = static_cast<Derived*>(base);
	derived->func(); // Base::func()
	derived->print(); //Derived::print()
	derived->virtualPrint(); //Base::virtualPrint()

	delete base;
   // delete derived; //程序崩溃
    
	return 0;
}

dynamic_cast

• 基类最少包含一个虚函数；
• 如果能转换会返回对应的指针/引用；不能转换时，指针会返回空，引用则抛出异常

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base {
public:
	virtual void f() { cout << "Base::f()" << endl; }
	void f2() { cout << "Base()::f2()" << endl; }
	void f3() { cout << "Base::f3() " << endl; }
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
	virtual void f() { cout << "Derived::f()" << endl; } //重写override,必须为虚函数
	void f2() { cout << "Derived::f2()" << endl; } //重定义

};

int main()
{
	Base *base1 = new Derived();
	base1->f2(); //Base::f2();

	Derived *derived1 = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(base1);
	derived1->f(); //Derived::f()
	derived1->f2(); //Derived::f2() 重定义
	derived1->f3(); //Base:f3();


	delete base1;
	return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
	virtual void print()
	{
		cout << "A::print()" << endl;
	}

};

class B : public A {
public:
	virtual void print()
	{
		cout << "B::print()" << endl;
	}
};


int main()
{
	A *a = new A;
	B *b = dynamic_cast<B*>(a);
	b->print(); //返回空指针
	return 0;
}