Java语言中类与类之间的关系

Java语言中类与类之间的关系

Java语言中类与类之间的关系有三种，分别是关联关系、依赖关系和继承关系。

• 关联关系：一个对象有另一个对象的引用，关联可以是单向的也可以是双向的。

“`Java

public class SmartCar {

private Wheel[] wheels=new Wheel[4];
private Engine engine=new Engine();

public void drive(Instruction instruction){

    switch(instruction.getContent()){

    case"speed-up":engine.setSpeed(instruction.getParam());
    break;
    case"slow-down":engine.setSpeed(instruction.getParam());
    break;
    case"nomal":engine.setSpeed(instruction.getParam());
    }

    System.out.println("车车正在以"+engine.getSpeed()+"在行驶");

}


public Wheel[] getWheels() {
    return wheels;
}
public void setWheels(Wheel[] wheels) {
    this.wheels = wheels;
}
public Engine getEngine() {
    return engine;
}
public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
    this.engine = engine;
}

• 此时类SmartCar用到了wheels和engine 类作引用

• 依赖关系：类A使用到了类B，类B的变化会影响到类A，比如我要写一篇博客，需要一台电脑，此时我与电脑便是依赖关系。
  “` Java
  public class Instruction {

  private String content;

  /**

  • 参数
    */
    private int param;

  public String getContent() {
  return content;
  }

  public void setContent(String content) {
  this.content = content;
  }

  public int getParam() {
  return param;
  }

  public void setParam(int param) {
  this.param = param;
  }

}
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SmartCar car=new SmartCar();
Instruction instruction=new Instruction();
instruction.setContent(“speed-up”);
instruction.setParam(120);
car.drive(instruction);
Banana c=new Banana();
}
}
- 在上面关联关系代码中的SmartCar类用到了下面Instruction类中的方法，这种关系变是依赖关系，在App中也可以知道，如果Instruction类加以改变，便会影响到类SmartCar。

• 继承关系：一个类B继承另一个类A的功能吗，并可以增加它自己的新功能，A为父类，B为子类，通过extends确定父子关系。比如一个父类是人，子类为男人，可以说男人是人，但是反过来说人是男人，就不对了。
  “` Java
  public class Worker {

  private String name;
  private String address;
  private double salary;

  public void show(){
  System.out.println(name+”住在”+address+”每个月工资：”+salary+”元”);
  }
  public String getName() {
  return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
  }
  public String getAddress() {
  return address;
  }
  public void setAddress(String address) {
  this.address = address;
  }
  public double getAslary() {
  return salary;
  }
  public void setAslary(double aslary) {
  this.salary = aslary;
  }

  public Worker(String name,String address,double salary){
  this.name=name;
  this.address=address;
  this.salary=salary;
  }
  }
  public class Manager extends Worker{

  private String department;

  public String getDepartment() {
  return department;
  }

  public void setDepartment(String department) {
  this.department = department;
  }

  public void show(){
  System.out.println(“=====================”);
  super.show();
  System.out.println(“所管部门为：”+department);
  }

  public Manager(String department){
  super(“”,”“,0);
  this.department=department;
  }
  }
  public class Director extends Worker{

  private double allowance;

  public double getAllowance() {
  return allowance;
  }

  public void setAllowance(double allowance) {
  this.allowance = allowance;
  }

  public void show(){
  System.out.println(“=====================”);
  super.show();
  System.out.println(“交通补助有：”+allowance+”元”);
  }

  public Director(double allowance){
  super(“”,”“,0);
  this.allowance=allowance;
  }
  }
  public class App3 {
  public static void main(String[] args) {

  Worker a =new Worker(“王二”,”石桥铺”,3000);
  a.setName(“王二”);
  a.setAddress(“石桥铺”);
  a.setAslary(3000);
  a.show();

  Director b=new Director(200);
  b.setName(“王五”);
  b.setAddress(“沙坪坝”);
  b.setAslary(5000);
  b.setAllowance(200);
  b.show();

  Manager c=new Manager(“人事部”);
  c.setName(“王五”);
  c.setAddress(“大坪”);
  c.setAslary(7000);
  c.setDepartment(“人事部”);
  c.show();
  }
  }

• 在这里Work类为父类，Director类和Manager类继承了父类的功能和属性，并在App3中验证了这一点。