写了好多博客,觉得应该以一种通俗的方式去阐述相关案例更贴切一些
dubbo是一款非常优秀的分布式开发框架,尤其是传统项目改造成分布式开发部署项目时,改造成本极低,可用性,一致性,容错性 较好
下面开始入门案例,本次案例以官方给出的dubbo-demo 作为入门案例,较为便捷,且 贴近实际生产。
dubbo官方网站:dubbo.io
学习dubbo最佳的方式就是参考官方网站,笔者极力推荐官网,有中文翻译,一键切换,各种详细配置均有提供,还有很多案例供学习参考 。
一、dubbo-demo 官方案例详解
dubbo-admin 源码下载地址:https://github.com/apache/dubbo/tree/dubbo-2.5.10
本文采用的版本为2.5.10
可以采用 git clone 或者以直接下载得到一个zip的压缩包,如下:
本次案例主要参考dubbo-demo做详细解答
1、项目结构如下:
dubbo-demo-api :存放接口
dubbo-demo-provider:具体实现,提供服务方
dubbo-demo-consumer:消费方,主要用于消费
1、dubbo-demo-api
父工程 pom.xml
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.10</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>${project.artifactId}</name>
<description>The demo module of dubbo project</description>
<properties>
<skip_maven_deploy>true</skip_maven_deploy>
</properties>
<modules>
<module>dubbo-demo-api</module>
<module>dubbo-demo-provider</module>
<module>dubbo-demo-consumer</module>
</modules>
</project>
dubbo-demo-api 工程的 pom.xml
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.10</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo-api</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>${project.artifactId}</name>
<description>The demo module of dubbo project</description>
<properties>
<skip_maven_deploy>true</skip_maven_deploy>
</properties>
</project>
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo;
public interface DemoService {
String sayHello(String name);
}
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo;
public interface UserService {
String getUserName(Long id);
}
2、dubbo-demo-provider
dubbo-demo-provider 工程的pom.xml
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.10</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo-provider</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>${project.artifactId}</name>
<description>The demo provider module of dubbo project</description>
<properties>
<skip_maven_deploy>false</skip_maven_deploy>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcContext;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
public String sayHello(String name) {
System.out.println("[" + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + "] Hello " + name
+ ", request from consumer: " + RpcContext.getContext().getRemoteAddress());
return "Hello " + name + ", response form provider: " + RpcContext.getContext().getLocalAddress();
}
}
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider;
import java.util.Objects;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.UserService;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Override
public String getUserName(Long id) {
if (Objects.equals(0L, id)) {
return "张三";
}
if (Objects.equals(1L, id)) {
return "李四";
}
return "barnes";
}
}
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Provider {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv4Stack", "true");
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "META-INF/spring/dubbo-demo-provider.xml" });
context.start();
System.in.read(); // press any key to exit
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<dubbo:application name="demo-provider"/>
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"/>
<bean id="demoService" class="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="userService" class="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider.UserServiceImpl"/>
<dubbo:service interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService" ref="demoService"/>
<dubbo:service interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.UserService" ref="userService"/>
</beans>
3、dubbo-demo-consumer
dubbo-demo-consumer 工程的 pom.xml
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.10</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo-consumer</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>${project.artifactId}</name>
<description>The demo consumer module of dubbo project</description>
<properties>
<skip_maven_deploy>false</skip_maven_deploy>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-demo-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.0.35.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
package com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.consumer;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Consumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv4Stack", "true");
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "META-INF/spring/dubbo-demo-consumer.xml" });
context.start();
DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); // get remote service proxy
UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService"); // get remote service proxy
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
String hello = demoService.sayHello("world"); // call remote method
System.out.println(hello); // get result
String userName = userService.getUserName(1L);
System.out.println("print out for: "+userName);
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
throwable.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<dubbo:application name="demo-consumer" />
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/>
<dubbo:reference id="demoService" check="false" interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService" />
<dubbo:reference id="userService" check="false" interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.UserService" />
</beans>
provider 和 consumer一些公用配置如下
dubbo.properties
dubbo.application.qos.port=33333
log4j.properties
###set log levels###
log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
###output to console###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=[%d{dd/MM/yy hh:mm:ss:sss z}] %t %5p %c{2}: %m%n
以上为项目基本代码,编写完成后开始启动项目
1、启动 zookeeper 默认配置 端口 2181
2、启动生产者:Provider.java
3、启动消费者:Consumer.java
观看控制台有一下内容打印出,则说明服务正常运行:
二、dubbo-admin 平台搭建及介绍
关于dubbo-admin 平台,笔者也是踩了好多坑,这里可以简单分享一下
dubbo-admin官方文档:http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/admin/introduction.html
当然按照官方给出的构建、启动dubbo-admin的方式也是可以的,获取的是最新的 dubbo-admin 平台
官方给出如下操作:
git clone https://github.com/apache/dubbo-admin.git
cd dubbo-admin
mvn clean package
cd dubbo-admin-distribution/target
java -jar dubbo-admin-0.1.jar
访问 http://localhost:8080
次方式获取的 dubbo-admin 平台是最新的 spring boot 项目,如果需要 war 包的方式获取dubbo-admin 则可以采取以下操作
1、下载对应的源码版本 https://github.com/apache/dubbo/tree/dubbo-2.5.10
2、切记如下操作是一个漫长的等待过程,笔者也曾失败过,不过反复操作,修改配置等重要获得的 war 包
cd dubbo-admin
mvn clean package
进入target 目录小有一个 dubbo-admin-2.5.10.war 文件即是我们所需的war 包,解压,修改文件文件夹名称为 dubbo-admin 放入 tomcat 目录下
3、启动 tomcat 访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/dubbo-admin/ ,如下:
图为dubbo登录的首页 用户名密码默认为 root / root
图为dubbo 中已有注册的2个服务
图为dubbo-admin常用配置,服务启用、禁用,路由,负载均衡等
dubbo-admin 平台构建是一个漫长的过程,需耐心等待
dubbo 官方网站上对应配置,入门案例等等,都做了详细的介绍,实为学习dubbo的最佳平台。