Spring源码分析-启动（二）

一、web项目的启动顺序

1、启动一个WEB项目的时候，WEB容器会去读取它的配置文件web.xml，读取<context-param>和<listener>两个结点。

2、紧急着，容创建一个ServletContext（servlet上下文），这个web项目的所有部分都将共享这个上下文。

3、容器将<context-param>转换为键值对，并交给servletContext。

4、容器创建<listener>中的类实例，创建监听器。

5、容器创建<filter>中的类实例，创建过滤器。

最终得出的结论是：ServletContext-> listener ->filter -> servlet

 

二、加载spring容器相关的bean

ContextLoaderListener

Tomcat在启动web应用的时候，会通过监听器的方式，通知ServletContextListener，web容器开始启动web应用了，ServletContextListener可以自定义初始化逻辑。ContextLoaderListener就是ServletContextListener接口的一个实现类，主要负责加载spring主容器相关的bean，默认加载WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml文件的配置信息。

 

ContextLoaderListener通过实现ServletContextListener接口，将spring容器融入web容器当中。这个可以分两个角度来理解：

• web项目自身：接收web容器启动web应用的通知，开始自身配置的解析加载，创建bean实例，通过一个WebApplicationContext来维护spring项目的主容器相关的bean，以及其他一些组件。
• web容器：web容器使用ServletContext来维护每一个web应用，ContextLoaderListener将spring容器，即WebApplicationContext，作为ServletContext的一个attribute，key为，保存在ServletContext中，从而web容器和spring项目可以通过ServletContext来交互。

ContextLoaderListener只是作为一个中间层来建立spring容器和web容器的关联关系，而实际完成以上两个角度的工作是通过ContextLoader来进行的，即在ContextLoader中定义以上逻辑，ContextLoaderListener的实现如下：

 

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.web.context;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

/**
 * Bootstrap listener to start up and shut down Spring's root {@link WebApplicationContext}.
 * Simply delegates to {@link ContextLoader} as well as to {@link ContextCleanupListener}.
 *
 * <p>As of Spring 3.1, {@code ContextLoaderListener} supports injecting the root web
 * application context via the {@link #ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext)}
 * constructor, allowing for programmatic configuration in Servlet 3.0+ environments.
 * See {@link org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer} for usage examples.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 17.02.2003
 * @see #setContextInitializers
 * @see org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer
 */
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {

   /**
    * Create a new {@code ContextLoaderListener} that will create a web application
    * context based on the "contextClass" and "contextConfigLocation" servlet
    * context-params. See {@link ContextLoader} superclass documentation for details on
    * default values for each.
    * <p>This constructor is typically used when declaring {@code ContextLoaderListener}
    * as a {@code <listener>} within {@code web.xml}, where a no-arg constructor is
    * required.
    * <p>The created application context will be registered into the ServletContext under
    * the attribute name {@link WebApplicationContext#ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE}
    * and the Spring application context will be closed when the {@link #contextDestroyed}
    * lifecycle method is invoked on this listener.
    * @see ContextLoader
    * @see #ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext)
    * @see #contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)
    * @see #contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent)
    */
   public ContextLoaderListener() {
   }

   /**
    * Create a new {@code ContextLoaderListener} with the given application context. This
    * constructor is useful in Servlet 3.0+ environments where i