JdbcTemplate

简介

为了使 JDBC 更加易于使用,Spring 在 JDBCAPI 上定义了一个抽象层, 以此建立一个JDBC存取框架.

作为 SpringJDBC 框架的核心, JDBC 模板的设计目的是为不同类型的JDBC操作提供模板方法. 每个模板方法都能控制整个过程,并允许覆盖过程中的特定任务.通过这种
方式,可以在尽可能保留灵活性的情况下,将数据库存取的工作量降到最低.

JdbcTemplate主要提供以下五类方法：

execute方法：可以用于执行任何SQL语句，一般用于执行DDL语句；

update方法：update方法用于执行新增、修改、删除等语句；

batchUpdate方法：batchUpdate方法用于执行批处理相关语句；
query方法及queryForXXX方法：用于执行查询相关语句；

call方法：用于执行存储过程、函数相关语句。

基本用法

package com.jdbctemplate;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

/**
 * JdbcTemplate的最基本用法
 */
public class JdbcTemplateDemo1 {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        //准备数据源：spring的内置数据源
        DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        ds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3366/myschool");
        ds.setUsername("root");
        ds.setPassword("******");

        //1、创建JdbcTemplate对象
        JdbcTemplate jt = new JdbcTemplate();
        //给jt设置数据源
        jt.setDataSource(ds);
        //2、执行操作
        jt.execute("insert into account(name,money) values('ddd',2000)");
    }
}

导入依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

优化

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--配置JdbcTemplate-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3366/myschool"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="875072"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

    @Test
    public void test(){
        //1、获取容器
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//        JdbcTemplate jt = (JdbcTemplate) ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
        jt.execute("insert into account(name,money) values('eee',2000)");
    }

CRUD

package com.jdbctemplate;
import com.domain.Account;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * JdbcTemplate的CRUD
 */
public class JdbcTemplateDemo3 {
    @Test
    public void testSave(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
//        jt.execute("insert into account(name,money) values('eee',2000)");
        jt.update("insert into account(name,money) values(?,?)","fff",3000);
    }
    @Test
    public void testUpdate(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
        jt.update("update account set name = ?, money = ? where id = ?","tom",1111,1);
    }
    @Test
    public void testDelete(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
        jt.update("delete from account where id = ?",8);
    }
    @Test
    public void testQuery(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
//        List<Account> accountList = jt.query("select * from account where money>?",new AccountRowMapper(),1000);
        List<Account> accountList = jt.query("select * from account where money>?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),1000);
        for (Account account : accountList) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void testQueryById(){
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
        List<Account> accountList = jt.query("select * from account where id=?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),1);
        System.out.println(accountList.get(0));
    }
    @Test
    public void testQueryRow(){  //查询返回一行一列，使用聚合函数，但不加group by子句
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jt = ac.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
        Long count = jt.queryForObject("select count(*) from account where money > ?", Long.class, 1000);
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

class AccountRowMapper implements RowMapper<Account> {
    /**
     * 把结果集中的数据封装到Account中，然后有spring把每个Account加到集合中
     * @param resultSet
     * @param i
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public Account mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
        Account account = new Account();
        account.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
        account.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
        account.setMoney(resultSet.getFloat("money"));
        return account;
    }
}

Dao中使用

AccountDaoImpl.java

package com.dao.impl;

import com.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.util.List;

public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
        List<Account> accountList = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where id = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
        return accountList.isEmpty()?null:accountList.get(0);
    }

    public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
        List<Account> accountList = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account where name = ?",new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
        if (accountList.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        if (accountList.size() > 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException("结果集不唯一");
        }
        return accountList.get(0);
    }

    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set name = ?,money = ? where id = ?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }
}

JdbcTemplateTest.java

import com.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl;
import com.domain.Account;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Test
    public void test() {
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountDaoImpl accountDao = ac.getBean("accountDao", AccountDaoImpl.class);
        Account accountById = accountDao.findAccountById(1);
        System.out.println(accountById);
    }
}