C# 读取txt大文件

1GB以下

using System.Text;

namespace DotnetReadTxt;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            Encoding.RegisterProvider(CodePagesEncodingProvider.Instance);
            var gb2312 = Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");
            int index = 0;
            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("ip20240529.txt",gb2312))
            {
                string line;
                // 逐行读取文件，直到读取完毕  
                while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
                {
                    // 在这里处理每一行，例如打印到控制台  
                    index++;
                    if (index < 10)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(line);
                    }
                }
            }

            Console.WriteLine("读取完毕~~");
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            // 处理可能出现的异常，例如文件不存在或没有读取权限等  
            Console.WriteLine("The file could not be read:");
            Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取文本文件的字符编码类型
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="fileName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static Encoding GetTextFileEncodingType(string fileName)
    {
        Encoding encoding = Encoding.Default;
        FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
        BinaryReader binaryReader = new BinaryReader(fileStream, encoding);
        byte[] buffer = binaryReader.ReadBytes((int)fileStream.Length);
        binaryReader.Close();
        fileStream.Close();
        if (buffer.Length >= 3 && buffer[0] == 239 && buffer[1] == 187 && buffer[2] == 191)
        {
            encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
        }
        else if (buffer.Length >= 3 && buffer[0] == 254 && buffer[1] == 255 && buffer[2] == 0)
        {
            encoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
        }
        else if (buffer.Length >= 3 && buffer[0] == 255 && buffer[1] == 254 && buffer[2] == 65)
        {
            encoding = Encoding.Unicode;
        }
        else if (IsUTF8Bytes(buffer))
        {
            encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
        }

        return encoding;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 判断是否是不带 BOM 的 UTF8 格式
    /// BOM（Byte Order Mark），字节顺序标记，出现在文本文件头部，Unicode编码标准中用于标识文件是采用哪种格式的编码。
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="data"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private static bool IsUTF8Bytes(byte[] data)
    {
        int charByteCounter = 1; //计算当前正分析的字符应还有的字节数 
        byte curByte; //当前分析的字节. 
        for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            curByte = data[i];
            if (charByteCounter == 1)
            {
                if (curByte >= 0x80)
                {
                    //判断当前 
                    while (((curByte <<= 1) & 0x80) != 0)
                    {
                        charByteCounter++;
                    }

                    //标记位首位若为非0 则至少以2个1开始 如:110XXXXX...........1111110X 
                    if (charByteCounter == 1 || charByteCounter > 6)
                    {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                //若是UTF-8 此时第一位必须为1 
                if ((curByte & 0xC0) != 0x80)
                {
                    return false;
                }

                charByteCounter--;
            }
        }

        if (charByteCounter > 1)
        {
            throw new Exception("非预期的byte格式");
        }

        return true;
    }
}

1GB以上

ReadTxtFileLine.cs

using System.Text;

namespace DotnetReadTxt;

/// <summary>
/// 本类用于使用StreamReader.Read()方法，实现逐行读取文本文件，
/// </summary>
public class ReadTxtFileLine
{
    //文件读取的状态，当为false时，代表未读完最后一行，true为读完了最后一行
    int _IsReadEnd = 0;
    
    System.IO.StreamReader sr1;

    int _LoopRowNumNow = 0;

    //定义了一个是否读到最后的属性，数据类型为整数，大于0未读到，等于0是表示末尾了
    public int IsReadEnd
    {
        get => _IsReadEnd;
    }

    //构造函数
    public ReadTxtFileLine(string TxtFilePath, Encoding FileEncoding)
    {
        sr1 = new System.IO.StreamReader(TxtFilePath, FileEncoding);
        _IsReadEnd = 1;
    }

    //成员方法，执行一次，返回1行的结果，当全部读完，依然执行该方法，将返回空字符串""
    public string GetLineStr()
    {
        string strLine = "";
        int charCode = 0;
        while (sr1.Peek() > 0)
        {
            charCode = sr1.Read();
            if (charCode == 10) //发现换行符char10就返回拼接字符串
            {
                _LoopRowNumNow++;
                return strLine;
            }
            else
            {
                if (charCode != 13)
                {
                    //将一行的数据重新拼接起来
                    strLine += ((char)charCode).ToString();
                }
            }
        }

        _IsReadEnd = -1;
        sr1.Close();
        sr1.Dispose();
        return strLine;
    }
}

使用

static void Main(string[] args)
 {
     try
     {
         Encoding.RegisterProvider(CodePagesEncodingProvider.Instance);
         var gb2312 = Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");
         ReadTxtFileLine ReadTxtFileTest1 = new ReadTxtFileLine("ip20240529.txt", gb2312);
         int index = 0;
         while (ReadTxtFileTest1.IsReadEnd>0)
         {
             //这里将读出来的1行赋值给str
             string str = ReadTxtFileTest1.GetLineStr();
             index++;
             if (index < 10)
             {
                 Console.WriteLine(str);
             }
         }
         Console.WriteLine("读取完毕~~");
     }
     catch (Exception e)
     {
         // 处理可能出现的异常，例如文件不存在或没有读取权限等  
         Console.WriteLine("The file could not be read:");
         Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
     }
 }

gb2312读取需要安装一个库System.Text.Encoding.CodePages
感谢浪人甲虫大佬文章