使用控制台搭建avalonia开发

前提

.net 8
rider
AvaloniaRider

创建控制台项目

安装依赖包

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

    <PropertyGroup>
        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
        <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <ItemGroup>
        <PackageReference Include="Avalonia" Version="11.1.1" />
        <PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.1.1" />
        <!--只有DEBUG条件下才会引入Avalonia.Diagnostics-->
        <PackageReference Condition="'$(Configuration)' == 'Debug'" Include="Avalonia.Diagnostics" Version="11.1.1"/>
    </ItemGroup>

</Project>

新建app.cs

using Avalonia;
using Avalonia.Controls.ApplicationLifetimes;

namespace AvaloniaStu01;

public class App : Application
{
    public override void Initialize()
    {
    }
    
    public override void OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted()
    {
        if (ApplicationLifetime is IClassicDesktopStyleApplicationLifetime desktop)
        {
            desktop.MainWindow = new MainWindow();
        }

        base.OnFrameworkInitializationCompleted();
    }

}

新建MainWindow.cs

using Avalonia.Controls;

namespace AvaloniaStu01;

public class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        this.Width = 350;
        this.Height = 350;
        this.Title = "Avalonia布局";
        this.Content = " Welcome to Avalonia!";
    }
}

修改program.cs

using Avalonia;

namespace AvaloniaStu01;

class Program
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 初始化代码。在调用 AppMain 之前，
    /// 不要使用任何 Avalonia、第三方应用程序接口或任何依赖 SynchronizationContext 的代码：
    /// 因为一切都还没有初始化，可能会出错。
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="args"></param>
    [STAThread]
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        BuildAvaloniaApp()
            .StartWithClassicDesktopLifetime(args);
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 构建Avalonia应用
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
    {
        return AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
            .UsePlatformDetect()
            .LogToTrace();
    }
}

启动项目

可以将输出修改为winexe

<PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>WinExe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
</PropertyGroup>

UsePlatformDetect：静态扩展方法，用于加载平台需要的一些基础内容，如渲染等。位于Avalonia.Desktop.dll类库中

安装主题和字体

<PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Themes.Fluent" Version="11.1.1"/>
<PackageReference Include="Avalonia.Fonts.Inter" Version="11.1.1"/>

修改Program.cs

/// <summary>
/// 构建Avalonia应用
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
static AppBuilder BuildAvaloniaApp()
{
    return AppBuilder.Configure<App>()
        .UsePlatformDetect()
        .WithInterFont()
        .LogToTrace();
}

修改App.cs

public override void Initialize()
{
    this.Styles.Add(new FluentTheme());
}

WithInterFont：静态扩展方法，用于加载字体的相关处理，位于Avalonia.Fonts.Inter.dll库中

一般windows下还需要一个app.manifest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
  <!--
  该清单仅用于 Windows。请勿删除，否则可能会导致窗口透明度和嵌入式控件出现问题。
  https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/sbscs/application-manifests
  -->
  <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" name="AvaloniaLayout.Desktop"/>

  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <application>
      <!--
      此应用程序已在下列 Windows 版本上进行过测试版本的列表。取消注释相应元素Windows 将自动选择最兼容的环境。
      -->

      <!-- Windows 10 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}" />
    </application>
  </compatibility>
</assembly>

修改csproj

<BuiltInComInteropSupport>true</BuiltInComInteropSupport>
<ApplicationManifest>app.manifest</ApplicationManifest>
<AvaloniaUseCompiledBindingsByDefault>true</AvaloniaUseCompiledBindingsByDefault>

接入xaml界面

这样写代码太费事了，可以使用xml格式的代码构建页面
新建App.axaml

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="AvaloniaStu01.App"
             RequestedThemeVariant="Dark">
    <!-- "Default" ThemeVariant follows system theme variant. "Dark" or "Light" are other available options. -->

    <Application.Styles>
        <FluentTheme />
    </Application.Styles>
</Application>

修改app.cs为App.axaml.cs，写成部分类

public partial class App : Application

启动

MainWindow类似
MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        mc:Ignorable="d" 
        d:DesignWidth="400" 
        d:DesignHeight="400"
        x:Class="AvaloniaStu01.MainWindow"
        Width="350"
        Height="450"
        Title="Avalonia布局">
    Welcome to Avalonia!
</Window>

MainWindow.axaml.cs

using Avalonia.Controls;

namespace AvaloniaStu01;

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
    	InitializeComponent();
    }
}

参考

https://roll.sohu.com/a/722494089_121124363