CSS学习笔记之浮动 2.26

1.1 常见的网络布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        .top{
            height: 60px;
            background-color: gray;
        }
        .banner{
            width: 800px;
            height: 150px;
            background-color: skyblue;
            margin:10px auto;


        }
        .box{
            width: 830px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: yellow;
            margin: 20px auto;
        }
        li{
            list-style: none;

        }
        .box li{
            width: 200px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: #ccc;
            margin-right:10px; ;
            float: left;
        }
        .box .last{
            margin-right: 0;
        }
        .footer{
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #abc;
        }

    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="top">1</div>
    <div class="banner">2</div>
    <div class="box">
        <ul>
            <li>g</li>
            <li>g</li>
            <li>g</li>
            <li class="last">g</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">4</div>
</body>

</html>

 

1.2 浮动布局注意

1、浮动和标准流的父盒子搭配

先用标准流的父元素排列上下位置,之后内部子元素采取浮动排列左右位置

2、一个元素浮动了,理论上其余的兄弟元素也要浮动。

一个盒子里面有多个子盒子,如果其中一个盒子浮动了,那么其他兄弟也应用浮动,以防止引起问题

浮动的盒子只会影响浮动盒子后面的标准流,不会影响前面的标准流

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
    
        .box {
            width: 900px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: pink;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .one {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
        }

        .two {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 150px;
            background-color: red;
        }

        .three {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            height: 240px;
            background-color: blue;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box">
        <div class="one">1</div>
        <div class="two">2</div>
        <div class="three">3</div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

1.3 为什么需要清除浮动

1、由于浮动元素不再占用原文档流的位置,所以他会对后面的元素排版产生影响

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .box {
            width: 800px;
            border: 1px solid blue;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .one {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
        }

        .two {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 200px;
            background-color: black;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box">
        <div class="one">1</div>
        <div class="two">2</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer"></div>

</body>

</html>

1.4 清除浮动本质

1、如果父盒子本身有高度,则不需要清除浮动

2、清除浮动以后,父级就会根据浮动的子盒子自动检测高度。父级有了高度,就不会影响下面的标准流了

语法:

选择器{clear:属性值;}

属性值:left、right、both

清除浮动方法:额外标签法、父级添加overflow属性、父级添加after伪元素、父级添加双伪元素

额外标签法:在浮动元素末尾添加空的标签。

 优点: 通俗易懂,书写方便

 缺点: 添加许多无意义的标签,结构化较差

注意: 要求这个新的空标签必须是块级元素。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .box {
            width: 800px;
            border: 1px solid blue;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .one {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
        }

        .two {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 200px;
            background-color: black;
        }

        .clear {
            clear: both;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box">
        <div class="one">1</div>
        <div class="two">2</div>
        <div class="two">3</div>
        <div class="two">4</div>
        <div class="two">5</div>
        <!-- <div class="clear"></div> -->
        <!-- 这个新增的盒子要求必须是块级元素不能是行内元素 -->
        <div class="clear"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer"></div>

</body>

</html>

父级添加overflow属性:给父级添加 overflow 属性,将其属性值设置为 hidden、 auto 或 scroll 。

 优点:代码简洁

 缺点:无法显示溢出的部分

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .box {
            /* 清除浮动 */
            overflow: hidden;
            width: 800px;
            border: 1px solid blue;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .damao {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
        }

        .ermao {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 200px;
            background-color: yellow;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box">
        <div class="damao">大毛</div>
        <div class="ermao">二毛</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer"></div>

</body>

</html>

after 伪元素法:父元素添加

.clearfix:after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.clearfix { /* IE6
7 专有 */
*zoom: 1;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .clearfix:after {
            content: "";
            display: block;
            height: 0;
            clear: both;
            visibility: hidden;
        }

        .clearfix {
            /* IE6、7 专有 */
            *zoom: 1;
        }

        .box {
            width: 800px;
            border: 1px solid blue;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .damao {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
        }

        .ermao {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 200px;
            background-color: black;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box clearfix">
        <div class="damao">大毛</div>
        <div class="ermao">二毛</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer"></div>

</body>

</html>

 优点:没有增加标签,结构更简单

 缺点:照顾低版本浏览器

双伪元素清除浮动:父元素添加

.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after {
content:"";
display:table;
} .
clearfix:after {
clear:both;
} .
clearfix {
*zoom:1;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title></title>
    <style>
        .clearfix:before,
        .clearfix:after {
            content: "";
            display: table;
        }

        .clearfix:after {
            clear: both;
        }

        .clearfix {
            *zoom: 1;
        }

        .box {
            width: 800px;
            border: 1px solid blue;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .damao {
            float: left;
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: purple;
        }

        .ermao {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: pink;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 200px;
            background-color: black;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="box clearfix">
        <div class="damao">大毛</div>
        <div class="ermao">二毛</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer"></div>

</body>

</html>

 优点:代码更简洁

 缺点:照顾低版本浏览器

 

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