1.1 常见的网络布局
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.top{
height: 60px;
background-color: gray;
}
.banner{
width: 800px;
height: 150px;
background-color: skyblue;
margin:10px auto;
}
.box{
width: 830px;
height: 300px;
background-color: yellow;
margin: 20px auto;
}
li{
list-style: none;
}
.box li{
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: #ccc;
margin-right:10px; ;
float: left;
}
.box .last{
margin-right: 0;
}
.footer{
height: 200px;
background-color: #abc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="top">1</div>
<div class="banner">2</div>
<div class="box">
<ul>
<li>g</li>
<li>g</li>
<li>g</li>
<li class="last">g</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer">4</div>
</body>
</html>
1.2 浮动布局注意
1、浮动和标准流的父盒子搭配
先用标准流的父元素排列上下位置,之后内部子元素采取浮动排列左右位置
2、一个元素浮动了,理论上其余的兄弟元素也要浮动。
一个盒子里面有多个子盒子,如果其中一个盒子浮动了,那么其他兄弟也应用浮动,以防止引起问题
浮动的盒子只会影响浮动盒子后面的标准流,不会影响前面的标准流
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
.box {
width: 900px;
height: 300px;
background-color: pink;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.one {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: purple;
}
.two {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
background-color: red;
}
.three {
float: left;
width: 300px;
height: 240px;
background-color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="one">1</div>
<div class="two">2</div>
<div class="three">3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
1.3 为什么需要清除浮动
1、由于浮动元素不再占用原文档流的位置,所以他会对后面的元素排版产生影响
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
.box {
width: 800px;
border: 1px solid blue;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.one {
float: left;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: purple;
}
.two {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
.footer {
height: 200px;
background-color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="one">1</div>
<div class="two">2</div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
1.4 清除浮动本质
1、如果父盒子本身有高度,则不需要清除浮动
2、清除浮动以后,父级就会根据浮动的子盒子自动检测高度。父级有了高度,就不会影响下面的标准流了
语法:
选择器{clear:属性值;}
属性值:left、right、both
清除浮动方法:额外标签法、父级添加overflow属性、父级添加after伪元素、父级添加双伪元素
额外标签法:在浮动元素末尾添加空的标签。
优点: 通俗易懂,书写方便
缺点: 添加许多无意义的标签,结构化较差
注意: 要求这个新的空标签必须是块级元素。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
.box {
width: 800px;
border: 1px solid blue;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.one {
float: left;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: purple;
}
.two {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
.footer {
height: 200px;
background-color: black;
}
.clear {
clear: both;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="one">1</div>
<div class="two">2</div>
<div class="two">3</div>
<div class="two">4</div>
<div class="two">5</div>
<!-- <div class="clear"></div> -->
<!-- 这个新增的盒子要求必须是块级元素不能是行内元素 -->
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
父级添加overflow属性:给父级添加 overflow 属性,将其属性值设置为 hidden、 auto 或 scroll 。
优点:代码简洁
缺点:无法显示溢出的部分
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
.box {
/* 清除浮动 */
overflow: hidden;
width: 800px;
border: 1px solid blue;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.damao {
float: left;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: purple;
}
.ermao {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
.footer {
height: 200px;
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<div class="damao">大毛</div>
<div class="ermao">二毛</div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
after 伪元素法:父元素添加
.clearfix:after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.clearfix { /* IE6、 7 专有 */
*zoom: 1;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
.clearfix:after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
.clearfix {
/* IE6、7 专有 */
*zoom: 1;
}
.box {
width: 800px;
border: 1px solid blue;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.damao {
float: left;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: purple;
}
.ermao {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
.footer {
height: 200px;
background-color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box clearfix">
<div class="damao">大毛</div>
<div class="ermao">二毛</div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
优点:没有增加标签,结构更简单
缺点:照顾低版本浏览器
双伪元素清除浮动:父元素添加
.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after {
content:"";
display:table;
} .
clearfix:after {
clear:both;
} .
clearfix {
*zoom:1;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title></title>
<style>
.clearfix:before,
.clearfix:after {
content: "";
display: table;
}
.clearfix:after {
clear: both;
}
.clearfix {
*zoom: 1;
}
.box {
width: 800px;
border: 1px solid blue;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.damao {
float: left;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: purple;
}
.ermao {
float: left;
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: pink;
}
.footer {
height: 200px;
background-color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box clearfix">
<div class="damao">大毛</div>
<div class="ermao">二毛</div>
</div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
优点:代码更简洁
缺点:照顾低版本浏览器