由于霍夫曼编码压缩算法比较复杂,需要先构建霍夫曼树,再进行编码和解码等操作,因此需要较为复杂的代码实现。以下是一个简单的 C 语言实现,仅供参考。
```
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_TREE_HT 1000
/* 定义霍夫曼树节点 */
typedef struct huffman_node {
char data;
int freq;
struct huffman_node *left, *right;
} huffman_node;
/* 定义霍夫曼编码表 */
typedef struct huffman_table {
char data;
char code[MAX_TREE_HT];
int code_len;
} huffman_table;
/* 定义霍夫曼编码树 */
typedef struct huffman_tree {
huffman_node *root;
} huffman_tree;
/* 创建霍夫曼树节点 */
huffman_node* create_node(char data, int freq) {
huffman_node* node = (huffman_node*)malloc(sizeof(huffman_node));
node->data = data;
node->freq = freq;
node->left = NULL;
node->right = NULL;
return node;
}
/* 创建霍夫曼树 */
huffman_tree* create_tree(char *data, int *freq, int size) {
huffman_tree* tree = (huffman_tree*)malloc(sizeof(huffman_tree));
huffman_node *node, *left, *right;
int i, j, min1, min2;
huffman_node* nodes[size];
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
nodes[i] = create_node(data[i], freq[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
min1 = min2 = 1000000;
left = right = NULL;
for (j = 0; j < size - i; j++) {
if (nodes[j]->freq < min1) {
min2 = min1;
right = left;
min1 = nodes[j]->freq;
left = nodes[j];
} else if (nodes[j]->freq < min2) {
min2 = nodes[j]->freq;
right = nodes[j];
}
}
node = create_node('\0', min1 + min2);
node->left = left;
node->right = right;
nodes[size - i - 2] = node;
}
tree->root = nodes[0];
return tree;
}
/* 生成霍夫曼编码表 */
void generate_table(huffman_node *node, huffman_table *table, char *code, int len) {
if (node == NULL) {
return;
}
if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
table[node->data].code[i] = code[i];
}
table[node->data].code_len = len;
}
code[len] = '0';
generate_table(node->left, table, code, len + 1);
code[len] = '1';
generate_table(node->right, table, code, len + 1);
}
/* 压缩数据 */
void compress_data(char *data, int *freq, int size, char *compressed_data, int *compressed_size) {
huffman_table table[256];
char code[MAX_TREE_HT];
int i, j, len, k, l;
huffman_tree *tree = create_tree(data, freq, size);
generate_table(tree->root, table, code, 0);
len = strlen(data);
k = l = 0;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < table[data[i]].code_len; j++) {
if (table[data[i]].code[j] == '0') {
compressed_data[k] &= ~(1 << (7 - l));
} else {
compressed_data[k] |= 1 << (7 - l);
}
l++;
if (l == 8) {
l = 0;
k++;
}
}
}
if (l != 0) {
k++;
}
*compressed_size = k;
}
/* 解压数据 */
void decompress_data(char *compressed_data, int compressed_size, char *decompressed_data, int *decompressed_size) {
huffman_node *node;
int i, j, k, l, bit;
huffman_tree *tree = (huffman_tree*)malloc(sizeof(huffman_tree));
node = create_node('\0', 0);
tree->root = node;
k = l = 0;
for (i = 0; i < compressed_size; i++) {
for (j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
bit = (compressed_data[i] >> j) & 1;
if (bit == 0) {
if (node->left == NULL) {
node->left = create_node('\0', 0);
}
node = node->left;
} else {
if (node->right == NULL) {
node->right = create_node('\0', 0);
}
node = node->right;
}
if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL) {
decompressed_data[k++] = node->data;
node = tree->root;
}
}
}
*decompressed_size = k;
}
/* 测试 */
int main() {
char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'};
int freq[] = {5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 45, 50};
char compressed_data[1000];
char decompressed_data[1000];
int compressed_size, decompressed_size;
compress_data(data, freq, 7, compressed_data, &compressed_size);
decompress_data(compressed_data, compressed_size, decompressed_data, &decompressed_size);
printf("Original data: %s\n", data);
printf("Compressed data: ");
for (int i = 0; i < compressed_size; i++) {
printf("%02x ", compressed_data[i]);
}
printf("\nDecompressed data: %s\n", decompressed_data);
return 0;
}
```