commons-math3-3.6.1-类-SparseGradient-中英对照文档及源码赏析

寒水馨

已于 2022-12-03 23:10:39 修改

阅读量420

点赞数 1

分类专栏： commons-math3-中英对照文档、源码文章标签： java 开发语言 apache

于 2022-12-03 17:11:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36462452/article/details/128162925

版权

commons-math3-中英对照文档、源码专栏收录该内容

15 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

commons-math3-3.6.1-类-SparseGradient-中英对照文档及源码赏析

摘要：中英对照文档、源码赏析、org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation.SparseGradient、SparseGradient、commons-math3、3.6.1、commons-math3-3.6.1、java

完整中文文档、中英对照文档下载请移步：commons-math3-中文文档、中英对照文档-CSDN下载

1. 开源组件说明

jar包名称：commons-math3-3.6.1.jar

Maven 依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-math3</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.1</version>
</dependency>

完整中文文档、中英对照文档下载请移步：commons-math3-中文文档、中英对照文档-CSDN下载

2. 类：`org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation.SparseGradient`

2.1. `SparseGradient` 中英对照文档

org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation

类 SparseGradient

java.lang.Object
- org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation.SparseGradient

All Implemented Interfaces:
Serializable, FieldElement< SparseGradient>, RealFieldElement< SparseGradient>

Serializable，FieldElement ，RealFieldElement
```
public class SparseGradient
extends Object
implements RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>, Serializable
```
First derivative computation with large number of variables.
This class plays a similar role to DerivativeStructure, with a focus on efficiency when dealing with large number of independent variables and most computation depend only on a few of them, and when only first derivative is desired. When these conditions are met, this class should be much faster than DerivativeStructure and use less memory.

具有大量变量的第一个衍生计算。此类对衍生体进行类似的角色，在处理大量独立变量时，大多数计算只取决于它们中的少数，并且只需要第一个衍生。满足这些条件时，此类应比衍生体更快，并使用更少的内存。

从以下版本开始:
3.3

3.3

另请参阅:
Serialized Form

序列化形式

方法概要

Methods
限定符和类型	方法和说明
`SparseGradient`	`abs()` absolute value. 绝对值。
`SparseGradient`	`acos()` Arc cosine operation. 弧余弦操作。
`SparseGradient`	`acosh()` Inverse hyperbolic cosine operation. 反向双曲余弦操作。
`SparseGradient`	`add(double c)` '+' operator. '+'运营商。
`SparseGradient`	`add(SparseGradient a)` Compute this + a. 计算这个+ a。
`void`	`addInPlace(SparseGradient a)` Add in place. 添加到位。
`SparseGradient`	`asin()` Arc sine operation. 电弧正弦操作。
`SparseGradient`	`asinh()` Inverse hyperbolic sine operation. 反转双曲正弦操作。
`SparseGradient`	`atan()` Arc tangent operation. 电弧切线操作。
`SparseGradient`	`atan2(SparseGradient x)` Two arguments arc tangent operation. 两个参数arc切线操作。
`static SparseGradient`	`atan2(SparseGradient y, SparseGradient x)` Two arguments arc tangent operation. 两个参数arc切线操作。
`SparseGradient`	`atanh()` Inverse hyperbolic tangent operation. 反向双曲线切线操作。
`SparseGradient`	`cbrt()` Cubic root. 立方根。
`SparseGradient`	`ceil()` Get the smallest whole number larger than instance. 获得比实例大的最小整数。
`SparseGradient`	`compose(double f0, double f1)` Compute composition of the instance by a univariate function. 通过单变量函数计算实例的组成。
`SparseGradient`	`copySign(double sign)` Returns the instance with the sign of the argument. 使用参数的符号返回实例。
`SparseGradient`	`copySign(SparseGradient sign)` Returns the instance with the sign of the argument. 使用参数的符号返回实例。
`SparseGradient`	`cos()` Cosine operation. 余弦运行。
`SparseGradient`	`cosh()` Hyperbolic cosine operation. 双曲线余弦操作。
`static SparseGradient`	`createConstant(double value)` Factory method creating a constant. 工厂方法创建常量。
`static SparseGradient`	`createVariable(int idx, double value)` Factory method creating an independent variable. 工厂方法创建一个独立变量。
`SparseGradient`	`divide(double c)` '÷' operator. '÷'运营商。
`SparseGradient`	`divide(SparseGradient a)` Compute this ÷ a. 计算此÷A。
`boolean`	`equals(Object other)` Test for the equality of two sparse gradients. 测试两个稀疏梯度的平等。
`SparseGradient`	`exp()` Exponential. 指数。
`SparseGradient`	`expm1()` Exponential minus 1. 指数减去1。
`SparseGradient`	`floor()` Get the largest whole number smaller than instance. 获得比实例小的最大数量。
`double`	`getDerivative(int index)` Get the derivative with respect to a particular index variable. 获取关于特定索引变量的衍生度。
`Field<SparseGradient>`	`getField()` Get the `Field` to which the instance belongs. 获取实例所属的字段。
`double`	`getReal()` Get the real value of the number. 获得数字的实际值。
`double`	`getValue()` Get the value of the function. 获取函数的值。
`int`	`hashCode()` Get a hashCode for the derivative structure. 获取衍生结构结构的哈希码。
`SparseGradient`	`hypot(SparseGradient y)` Returns the hypotenuse of a triangle with sides `this` and `y` - sqrt( this ² + y ²) avoiding intermediate overflow or underflow. 返回三角形的斜边，与侧面和Y - SQRT（This2 + Y2）避免中间溢出或下溢。
`static SparseGradient`	`hypot(SparseGradient x, SparseGradient y)` Returns the hypotenuse of a triangle with sides `x` and `y` - sqrt( x ² + y ²) avoiding intermediate overflow or underflow. 返回三角形的斜边X和Y - SQRT（X2 + Y2）避免中间溢出或下溢。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(double[] a, SparseGradient[] b)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(double a1, SparseGradient b1, double a2, SparseGradient b2)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(double a1, SparseGradient b1, double a2, SparseGradient b2, double a3, SparseGradient b3)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(double a1, SparseGradient b1, double a2, SparseGradient b2, double a3, SparseGradient b3, double a4, SparseGradient b4)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(SparseGradient[] a, SparseGradient[] b)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(SparseGradient a1, SparseGradient b1, SparseGradient a2, SparseGradient b2)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(SparseGradient a1, SparseGradient b1, SparseGradient a2, SparseGradient b2, SparseGradient a3, SparseGradient b3)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`linearCombination(SparseGradient a1, SparseGradient b1, SparseGradient a2, SparseGradient b2, SparseGradient a3, SparseGradient b3, SparseGradient a4, SparseGradient b4)` Compute a linear combination. 计算线性组合。
`SparseGradient`	`log()` Natural logarithm. 自然对数。
`SparseGradient`	`log10()` Base 10 logarithm. 基数10对数。
`SparseGradient`	`log1p()` Shifted natural logarithm. 移动自然对数。
`SparseGradient`	`multiply(double c)` '×' operator. '×'算子。
`SparseGradient`	`multiply(int n)` Compute n × this. 计算n×它。
`SparseGradient`	`multiply(SparseGradient a)` Compute this × a. 计算此×a。
`void`	`multiplyInPlace(SparseGradient a)` Multiply in place. 乘法速率。
`SparseGradient`	`negate()` Returns the additive inverse of `this` element. 返回此元素的附加逆。
`int`	`numVars()` Find the number of variables. 找到变量的数量。
`SparseGradient`	`pow(double p)` Power operation. 电源操作。
`static SparseGradient`	`pow(double a, SparseGradient x)` Compute a ^x where a is a double and x a `SparseGradient` 计算ax，其中a是双倍和x的sparsegradient
`SparseGradient`	`pow(int n)` Integer power operation. 整数电源操作。
`SparseGradient`	`pow(SparseGradient e)` Power operation. 电源操作。
`SparseGradient`	`reciprocal()` Returns the multiplicative inverse of `this` element. 返回此元素的乘法倒数。
`SparseGradient`	`remainder(double a)` IEEE remainder operator. IEEE剩余的运营商。
`SparseGradient`	`remainder(SparseGradient a)` IEEE remainder operator. IEEE剩余的运营商。
`SparseGradient`	`rint()` Get the whole number that is the nearest to the instance, or the even one if x is exactly half way between two integers. 获取最接近实例的整个数字，或者如果x在两个整数之间正好一半。
`SparseGradient`	`rootN(int n)` N ^th root. 第n根。
`long`	`round()` Get the closest long to instance value. 获得最接近的时间达实例值。
`SparseGradient`	`scalb(int n)` Multiply the instance by a power of 2. 将实例乘以2的功率。
`SparseGradient`	`signum()` Compute the signum of the instance. 计算实例的Signum。
`SparseGradient`	`sin()` Sine operation. 正弦操作。
`SparseGradient`	`sinh()` Hyperbolic sine operation. 双曲正弦操作。
`SparseGradient`	`sqrt()` Square root. 平方根。
`SparseGradient`	`subtract(double c)` '-' operator. '-' 操作员。
`SparseGradient`	`subtract(SparseGradient a)` Compute this - a. 计算这个 - a。
`SparseGradient`	`tan()` Tangent operation. 切线操作。
`SparseGradient`	`tanh()` Hyperbolic tangent operation. 双曲线切线操作。
`double`	`taylor(double... delta)` Evaluate Taylor expansion of a sparse gradient. 评估稀疏梯度的泰勒膨胀。
`SparseGradient`	`toDegrees()` Convert radians to degrees, with error of less than 0.5 ULP 将弧度转换为度数，误差小于0.5 ulp
`SparseGradient`	`toRadians()` Convert degrees to radians, with error of less than 0.5 ULP 将度数转换为弧度，误差小于0.5 ulp

从类继承的方法 java.lang.Object
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- 方法详细说明
  - createConstant
```
public static SparseGradient createConstant(double value)
```
    Factory method creating a constant.
    
    工厂方法创建常量。
    
    参数:
    value - value of the constant
    
    价值 - 常数的值
    
    返回:
    a new instance
    
    一个新的实例
  - createVariable
```
public static SparseGradient createVariable(int idx,
                            double value)
```
    Factory method creating an independent variable.
    
    工厂方法创建一个独立变量。
    
    参数:
    idx - index of the variable
    
    IDX - 变量的索引
    
    value - value of the variable
    
    值 - 变量的值
    
    返回:
    a new instance
    
    一个新的实例
  - numVars
```
public int numVars()
```
    Find the number of variables.
    
    找到变量的数量。
    
    返回:
    number of variables
    
    变量数量
  - getDerivative
```
public double getDerivative(int index)
```
    Get the derivative with respect to a particular index variable.
    
    获取关于特定索引变量的衍生度。
    
    参数:
    index - index to differentiate with.
    
    索引 - 分辨率的索引。
    
    返回:
    derivative with respect to a particular index variable
    
    关于特定索引变量的衍生物
  - getValue
```
public double getValue()
```
    Get the value of the function.
    
    获取函数的值。
    
    返回:
    value of the function.
    
    函数的值。
  - getReal
```
public double getReal()
```
    Get the real value of the number.
    
    获得数字的实际值。
    
    指定者:
    getReal in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    interfile in interfialeLement
    
    返回:
    real value
    
    实际价值
  - add
```
public SparseGradient add(SparseGradient a)
```
    Compute this + a.
    
    计算这个+ a。
    
    指定者:
    add in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    添加接口FieldElement
    
    参数:
    a - element to add
    
    a - 要添加的元素
    
    返回:
    a new element representing this + a
    
    代表这个+ a的新元素
  - addInPlace
```
public void addInPlace(SparseGradient a)
```
    Add in place.
    This method is designed to be faster when used multiple times in a loop.
    
    The instance is changed here, in order to not change the instance the add(SparseGradient) method should be used.
    
    添加到位。当在循环中多次使用时，此方法设计得更快。此处更改了实例，以便不更改add（sparsegradient）方法的实例。
    
    参数:
    a - instance to add
    
    a - 要添加的实例
  - add
```
public SparseGradient add(double c)
```
    '+' operator.
    
    '+'运营商。
    
    指定者:
    add in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    添加接口RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    c - right hand side parameter of the operator
    
    C - 右手侧参数的操作员
    
    返回:
    this+a
    
    这个+ A.
  - subtract
```
public SparseGradient subtract(SparseGradient a)
```
    Compute this - a.
    
    计算这个 - a。
    
    指定者:
    subtract in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    在界面中减去fieldElement
    
    参数:
    a - element to subtract
    
    a - 要减去的元素
    
    返回:
    a new element representing this - a
    
    代表这个的新元素 - a
  - subtract
```
public SparseGradient subtract(double c)
```
    '-' operator.
    
    '-' 操作员。
    
    指定者:
    subtract in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    在接口中减去InterfieldElement
    
    参数:
    c - right hand side parameter of the operator
    
    C - 右手侧参数的操作员
    
    返回:
    this-a
    
    这是
  - multiply
```
public SparseGradient multiply(SparseGradient a)
```
    Compute this × a.
    
    计算此×a。
    
    指定者:
    multiply in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    乘法in interface fieldElement
    
    参数:
    a - element to multiply
    
    一个 - 要乘法的元素
    
    返回:
    a new element representing this × a
    
    一个代表这个×a的新元素
  - multiplyInPlace
```
public void multiplyInPlace(SparseGradient a)
```
    Multiply in place.
    This method is designed to be faster when used multiple times in a loop.
    
    The instance is changed here, in order to not change the instance the add(SparseGradient) method should be used.
    
    乘法速率。当在循环中多次使用时，此方法设计得更快。此处更改了实例，以便不更改add（sparsegradient）方法的实例。
    
    参数:
    a - instance to multiply
    
    a - 实例乘以
  - multiply
```
public SparseGradient multiply(double c)
```
    '×' operator.
    
    '×'算子。
    
    指定者:
    multiply in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    在接口中乘以RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    c - right hand side parameter of the operator
    
    C - 右手侧参数的操作员
    
    返回:
    this×a
    
    这个×A.
  - multiply
```
public SparseGradient multiply(int n)
```
    Compute n × this. Multiplication by an integer number is defined as the following sum n × this = ∑ _i=1 ⁿ this.
    
    计算n×它。通过整数数乘法定义为以下和n×这个=Σi= 1n。
    
    指定者:
    multiply in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    乘法in interface fieldElement
    
    参数:
    n - Number of times this must be added to itself.
    
    n - 必须添加到自身的次数。
    
    返回:
    A new element representing n × this.
    
    一个表示n×的新元素。
  - divide
```
public SparseGradient divide(SparseGradient a)
```
    Compute this ÷ a.
    
    计算此÷A。
    
    指定者:
    divide in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    划分界面FieldElement
    
    参数:
    a - element to divide by
    
    a - 划分的元素
    
    返回:
    a new element representing this ÷ a
    
    一个代表这个的新元素
  - divide
```
public SparseGradient divide(double c)
```
    '÷' operator.
    
    '÷'运营商。
    
    指定者:
    divide in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    划分在接口中真实的
    
    参数:
    c - right hand side parameter of the operator
    
    C - 右手侧参数的操作员
    
    返回:
    this÷a
    
    这个÷啊
  - negate
```
public SparseGradient negate()
```
    Returns the additive inverse of this element.
    
    返回此元素的附加逆。
    
    指定者:
    negate in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    在界面中否定FieldElement
    
    返回:
    the opposite of this.
    
    与此相反。
  - getField
```
public Field<SparseGradient> getField()
```
    Get the Field to which the instance belongs.
    
    获取实例所属的字段。
    
    指定者:
    getField in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    GetField在界面FieldElement
    
    返回:
    Field to which the instance belongs
    
    实例所属的字段
  - remainder
```
public SparseGradient remainder(double a)
```
    IEEE remainder operator.
    
    IEEE剩余的运营商。
    
    指定者:
    remainder in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    interface中的剩余部分真实的弹性
    
    参数:
    a - right hand side parameter of the operator
    
    操作员的右手侧参数
    
    返回:
    this - n × a where n is the closest integer to this/a (the even integer is chosen for n if this/a is halfway between two integers)
    
    这个 - n×a其中n是最接近的整数/ a（如果这个/ a在两个整数之间是半途的，则选择偶数整数）
  - remainder
```
public SparseGradient remainder(SparseGradient a)
```
    IEEE remainder operator.
    
    IEEE剩余的运营商。
    
    指定者:
    remainder in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    interface中的剩余部分真实的弹性
    
    参数:
    a - right hand side parameter of the operator
    
    操作员的右手侧参数
    
    返回:
    this - n × a where n is the closest integer to this/a (the even integer is chosen for n if this/a is halfway between two integers)
    
    这个 - n×a其中n是最接近的整数/ a（如果这个/ a在两个整数之间是半途的，则选择偶数整数）
  - abs
```
public SparseGradient abs()
```
    absolute value.
    
    绝对值。
    
    指定者:
    abs in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    ABS中的ABS RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    abs(this)
    
    ABS（这）
  - ceil
```
public SparseGradient ceil()
```
    Get the smallest whole number larger than instance.
    
    获得比实例大的最小整数。
    
    指定者:
    ceil in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的CEIL RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    ceil(this)
    
    CEIL（这）
  - floor
```
public SparseGradient floor()
```
    Get the largest whole number smaller than instance.
    
    获得比实例小的最大数量。
    
    指定者:
    floor in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面的地板RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    floor(this)
    
    地板（这）
  - rint
```
public SparseGradient rint()
```
    Get the whole number that is the nearest to the instance, or the even one if x is exactly half way between two integers.
    
    获取最接近实例的整个数字，或者如果x在两个整数之间正好一半。
    
    指定者:
    rint in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的rint sealfieldelement
    
    返回:
    a double number r such that r is an integer r - 0.5 ≤ this ≤ r + 0.5
    
    双数R，使R是整数R - 0.5≤这≤R+ 0.5
  - round
```
public long round()
```
    Get the closest long to instance value.
    
    获得最接近的时间达实例值。
    
    指定者:
    round in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的圆形RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    closest long to RealFieldElement.getReal()
    
    最接近realfieldelement.getReal（）
  - signum
```
public SparseGradient signum()
```
    Compute the signum of the instance. The signum is -1 for negative numbers, +1 for positive numbers and 0 otherwise
    
    计算实例的Signum。Signum为-1用于负数，+1为正数，否则为0
    
    指定者:
    signum in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的Signum RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    -1.0, -0.0, +0.0, +1.0 or NaN depending on sign of a
    
    -1.0，-0.0，+0.0，+1.0或NaN取决于a的标志
  - copySign
```
public SparseGradient copySign(SparseGradient sign)
```
    Returns the instance with the sign of the argument. A NaN sign argument is treated as positive.
    
    使用参数的符号返回实例。NAN标志论证被视为积极。
    
    指定者:
    copySign in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    CopySign在界面中真正的单元格式
    
    参数:
    sign - the sign for the returned value
    
    签署 - 返回值的标志
    
    返回:
    the instance with the same sign as the sign argument
    
    具有与标志参数相同的符号的实例
  - copySign
```
public SparseGradient copySign(double sign)
```
    Returns the instance with the sign of the argument. A NaN sign argument is treated as positive.
    
    使用参数的符号返回实例。NAN标志论证被视为积极。
    
    指定者:
    copySign in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    CopySign在界面中真正的单元格式
    
    参数:
    sign - the sign for the returned value
    
    签署 - 返回值的标志
    
    返回:
    the instance with the same sign as the sign argument
    
    具有与标志参数相同的符号的实例
  - scalb
```
public SparseGradient scalb(int n)
```
    Multiply the instance by a power of 2.
    
    将实例乘以2的功率。
    
    指定者:
    scalb in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    inface infilefield元素
    
    参数:
    n - power of 2
    
    n - 力量为2
    
    返回:
    this × 2 ⁿ
    
    这个×2n.
  - hypot
```
public SparseGradient hypot(SparseGradient y)
```
    Returns the hypotenuse of a triangle with sides this and y - sqrt( this ² + y ²) avoiding intermediate overflow or underflow.
    - If either argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity.
    - else, if either argument is NaN then the result is NaN.
    返回三角形的斜边，与侧面和Y - SQRT（This2 + Y2）避免中间溢出或下溢。如果任一参数是无限的，那么结果是正无穷大。否则，如果任一参数是NaN，那么结果是NaN。
    指定者:
    hypot in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的斜面是真实的
    
    参数:
    y - a value
    
    y - 一个值
    
    返回:
    sqrt( this ² + y ²)
    
    SQRT（this2 + y2）
  - hypot
```
public static SparseGradient hypot(SparseGradient x,
                   SparseGradient y)
```
    Returns the hypotenuse of a triangle with sides x and y - sqrt( x ² + y ²) avoiding intermediate overflow or underflow.
    - If either argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity.
    - else, if either argument is NaN then the result is NaN.
    返回三角形的斜边X和Y - SQRT（X2 + Y2）避免中间溢出或下溢。如果任一参数是无限的，那么结果是正无穷大。否则，如果任一参数是NaN，那么结果是NaN。
    参数:
    x - a value
    
    X - 一个值
    
    y - a value
    
    y - 一个值
    
    返回:
    sqrt( x ² + y ²)
    
    sqrt（x2 + y2）
  - reciprocal
```
public SparseGradient reciprocal()
```
    Returns the multiplicative inverse of this element.
    
    返回此元素的乘法倒数。
    
    指定者:
    reciprocal in interface FieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    互联界面中的互酷性
    
    指定者:
    reciprocal in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的互酷性RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    the inverse of this.
    
    这方面的反向。
  - sqrt
```
public SparseGradient sqrt()
```
    Square root.
    
    平方根。
    
    指定者:
    sqrt in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    SQRT在接口中真实的弹性
    
    返回:
    square root of the instance
    
    实例的平方根
  - cbrt
```
public SparseGradient cbrt()
```
    Cubic root.
    
    立方根。
    
    指定者:
    cbrt in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的CBRT RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    cubic root of the instance
    
    实例的立方根
  - rootN
```
public SparseGradient rootN(int n)
```
    N ^th root.
    
    第n根。
    
    指定者:
    rootN in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的rootn RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    n - order of the root
    
    n - root的顺序
    
    返回:
    n ^th root of the instance
    
    实例的第n个根
  - pow
```
public SparseGradient pow(double p)
```
    Power operation.
    
    电源操作。
    
    指定者:
    pow in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的POW RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    p - power to apply
    
    P - 申请权力
    
    返回:
    this ^p
    
    这个
  - pow
```
public SparseGradient pow(int n)
```
    Integer power operation.
    
    整数电源操作。
    
    指定者:
    pow in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的POW RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    n - power to apply
    
    n - 申请的力量
    
    返回:
    this ⁿ
    
    本来
  - pow
```
public SparseGradient pow(SparseGradient e)
```
    Power operation.
    
    电源操作。
    
    指定者:
    pow in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的POW RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    e - exponent
    
    E - 指数
    
    返回:
    this ^e
    
    这件事
  - pow
```
public static SparseGradient pow(double a,
                 SparseGradient x)
```
    Compute a ^x where a is a double and x a SparseGradient
    
    计算ax，其中a是双倍和x的sparsegradient
    
    参数:
    a - number to exponentiate
    
    a - 代表的号码
    
    x - power to apply
    
    X - 申请权力
    
    返回:
    a ^x
    
    斧头
  - exp
```
public SparseGradient exp()
```
    Exponential.
    
    指数。
    
    指定者:
    exp in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    expin in interface sealfieldelement
    
    返回:
    exponential of the instance
    
    实例的指数
  - expm1
```
public SparseGradient expm1()
```
    Exponential minus 1.
    
    指数减去1。
    
    指定者:
    expm1 in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    expm1在界面中真正的单元
    
    返回:
    exponential minus one of the instance
    
    指数减去其中一个实例
  - log
```
public SparseGradient log()
```
    Natural logarithm.
    
    自然对数。
    
    指定者:
    log in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    登录界面Realfield Element
    
    返回:
    logarithm of the instance
    
    实例的对数
  - log10
```
public SparseGradient log10()
```
    Base 10 logarithm.
    
    基数10对数。
    
    返回:
    base 10 logarithm of the instance
    
    基础10实例的对数
  - log1p
```
public SparseGradient log1p()
```
    Shifted natural logarithm.
    
    移动自然对数。
    
    指定者:
    log1p in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    log1p在interfile中真实的弹性
    
    返回:
    logarithm of one plus the instance
    
    一个加上实例的对数
  - cos
```
public SparseGradient cos()
```
    Cosine operation.
    
    余弦运行。
    
    指定者:
    cos in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    COS在界面中，RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    cos(this)
    
    Cos（这）
  - sin
```
public SparseGradient sin()
```
    Sine operation.
    
    正弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    sin in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    infile in interfiele sealfieldelement
    
    返回:
    sin(this)
    
    罪（这）
  - tan
```
public SparseGradient tan()
```
    Tangent operation.
    
    切线操作。
    
    指定者:
    tan in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    在界面中的棕褐色真正的位置
    
    返回:
    tan(this)
    
    棕褐色（这）
  - acos
```
public SparseGradient acos()
```
    Arc cosine operation.
    
    弧余弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    acos in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    ACOS在界面中真实的弹性
    
    返回:
    acos(this)
    
    ACOS（这）
  - asin
```
public SparseGradient asin()
```
    Arc sine operation.
    
    电弧正弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    asin in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    Asin在界面中真正的机密化
    
    返回:
    asin(this)
    
    asin（这）
  - atan
```
public SparseGradient atan()
```
    Arc tangent operation.
    
    电弧切线操作。
    
    指定者:
    atan in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的atan sealfieldElement
    
    返回:
    atan(this)
    
    atan（这）
  - atan2
```
public SparseGradient atan2(SparseGradient x)
```
    Two arguments arc tangent operation.
    
    两个参数arc切线操作。
    
    指定者:
    atan2 in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    atan2在interface中真实的弹性
    
    参数:
    x - second argument of the arc tangent
    
    X - 弧形切线的第二个论点
    
    返回:
    atan2(this, x)
    
    atan2（这个，x）
  - atan2
```
public static SparseGradient atan2(SparseGradient y,
                   SparseGradient x)
```
    Two arguments arc tangent operation.
    
    两个参数arc切线操作。
    
    参数:
    y - first argument of the arc tangent
    
    Y - 弧形切线的第一个论点
    
    x - second argument of the arc tangent
    
    X - 弧形切线的第二个论点
    
    返回:
    atan2(y, x)
    
    atan2（y，x）
  - cosh
```
public SparseGradient cosh()
```
    Hyperbolic cosine operation.
    
    双曲线余弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    cosh in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    COSH在界面中真实的弹性
    
    返回:
    cosh(this)
    
    Cosh（这个）
  - sinh
```
public SparseGradient sinh()
```
    Hyperbolic sine operation.
    
    双曲正弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    sinh in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    接口中的SINH RealFieldElement
    
    返回:
    sinh(this)
    
    sinh（这）
  - tanh
```
public SparseGradient tanh()
```
    Hyperbolic tangent operation.
    
    双曲线切线操作。
    
    指定者:
    tanh in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    Tanh在界面中真实的
    
    返回:
    tanh(this)
    
    Tanh（这个）
  - acosh
```
public SparseGradient acosh()
```
    Inverse hyperbolic cosine operation.
    
    反向双曲余弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    acosh in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    Acosh在界面中真实的弹性
    
    返回:
    acosh(this)
    
    Acosh（这个）
  - asinh
```
public SparseGradient asinh()
```
    Inverse hyperbolic sine operation.
    
    反转双曲正弦操作。
    
    指定者:
    asinh in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    Asinh在界面中真实的
    
    返回:
    asin(this)
    
    asin（这）
  - atanh
```
public SparseGradient atanh()
```
    Inverse hyperbolic tangent operation.
    
    反向双曲线切线操作。
    
    指定者:
    atanh in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    atanh在界面中真实的弹性
    
    返回:
    atanh(this)
    
    atanh（这）
  - toDegrees
```
public SparseGradient toDegrees()
```
    Convert radians to degrees, with error of less than 0.5 ULP
    
    将弧度转换为度数，误差小于0.5 ulp
    
    返回:
    instance converted into degrees
    
    实例转换为度数
  - toRadians
```
public SparseGradient toRadians()
```
    Convert degrees to radians, with error of less than 0.5 ULP
    
    将度数转换为弧度，误差小于0.5 ulp
    
    返回:
    instance converted into radians
    
    实例转换为弧度
  - taylor
```
public double taylor(double... delta)
```
    Evaluate Taylor expansion of a sparse gradient.
    
    评估稀疏梯度的泰勒膨胀。
    
    参数:
    delta - parameters offsets (Δx, Δy, ...)
    
    Delta - 参数偏移（ΔX，ΔY，......）
    
    返回:
    value of the Taylor expansion at x + Δx, y + Δy, ...
    
    X +ΔX，Y +ΔY的泰勒膨胀的值，......
  - compose
```
public SparseGradient compose(double f0,
                     double f1)
```
    Compute composition of the instance by a univariate function.
    
    通过单变量函数计算实例的组成。
    
    参数:
    f0 - value of the function at (i.e. f( getValue()))
    
    F0 - 函数的值（即f（getValue（））））
    
    f1 - first derivative of the function at the current point (i.e. f'( getValue()))
    
    F1 - 当前点的函数的第一个导数（即f'（getValue（））））
    
    返回:
    f(this)
    
    F（这）
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(SparseGradient[] a,
                               SparseGradient[] b)
                                 throws DimensionMismatchException
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a - Factors.
    
    a - 因素。
    
    b - Factors.
    
    B - 因素。
    
    返回:
    Σ_i a_i b_i.
    
    Σiai bi。
    
    抛出:
    DimensionMismatchException - if arrays dimensions don't match
    
    DimensionMismatchException - 如果阵列尺寸不匹配
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(double[] a,
                               SparseGradient[] b)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a - Factors.
    
    a - 因素。
    
    b - Factors.
    
    B - 因素。
    
    返回:
    Σ_i a_i b_i.
    
    Σiai bi。
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(SparseGradient a1,
                               SparseGradient b1,
                               SparseGradient a2,
                               SparseGradient b2)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a1 - first factor of the first term
    
    A1 - 第一项的第一因素
    
    b1 - second factor of the first term
    
    B1 - 第一个术语的第二个因素
    
    a2 - first factor of the second term
    
    A2 - 第二项的第一因素
    
    b2 - second factor of the second term
    
    B2 - 第二项的第二个因素
    
    返回:
    a ₁×b ₁ + a ₂×b ₂
    
    A1×B1 + A2×B2
    
    另请参阅:
    RealFieldElement.linearCombination(Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object), RealFieldElement.linearCombination(Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object)
    
    RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（对象，对象，对象，对象，对象），RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象）
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(double a1,
                               SparseGradient b1,
                               double a2,
                               SparseGradient b2)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a1 - first factor of the first term
    
    A1 - 第一项的第一因素
    
    b1 - second factor of the first term
    
    B1 - 第一个术语的第二个因素
    
    a2 - first factor of the second term
    
    A2 - 第二项的第一因素
    
    b2 - second factor of the second term
    
    B2 - 第二项的第二个因素
    
    返回:
    a ₁×b ₁ + a ₂×b ₂
    
    A1×B1 + A2×B2
    
    另请参阅:
    RealFieldElement.linearCombination(double, Object, double, Object, double, Object), RealFieldElement.linearCombination(double, Object, double, Object, double, Object, double, Object)
    
    RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（双重，对象，双，对象，双，对象），RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（双重，对象，双，对象，双，对象，双，对象）
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(SparseGradient a1,
                               SparseGradient b1,
                               SparseGradient a2,
                               SparseGradient b2,
                               SparseGradient a3,
                               SparseGradient b3)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a1 - first factor of the first term
    
    A1 - 第一项的第一因素
    
    b1 - second factor of the first term
    
    B1 - 第一个术语的第二个因素
    
    a2 - first factor of the second term
    
    A2 - 第二项的第一因素
    
    b2 - second factor of the second term
    
    B2 - 第二项的第二个因素
    
    a3 - first factor of the third term
    
    A3 - 第三个术语的第一因素
    
    b3 - second factor of the third term
    
    B3 - 第三个术语的第二个因素
    
    返回:
    a ₁×b ₁ + a ₂×b ₂ + a ₃×b ₃
    
    A1×B1 + A2×B2 + A3×B3
    
    另请参阅:
    RealFieldElement.linearCombination(Object, Object, Object, Object), RealFieldElement.linearCombination(Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object)
    
    RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（对象，对象，对象，对象），RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象）
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(double a1,
                               SparseGradient b1,
                               double a2,
                               SparseGradient b2,
                               double a3,
                               SparseGradient b3)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a1 - first factor of the first term
    
    A1 - 第一项的第一因素
    
    b1 - second factor of the first term
    
    B1 - 第一个术语的第二个因素
    
    a2 - first factor of the second term
    
    A2 - 第二项的第一因素
    
    b2 - second factor of the second term
    
    B2 - 第二项的第二个因素
    
    a3 - first factor of the third term
    
    A3 - 第三个术语的第一因素
    
    b3 - second factor of the third term
    
    B3 - 第三个术语的第二个因素
    
    返回:
    a ₁×b ₁ + a ₂×b ₂ + a ₃×b ₃
    
    A1×B1 + A2×B2 + A3×B3
    
    另请参阅:
    RealFieldElement.linearCombination(double, Object, double, Object), RealFieldElement.linearCombination(double, Object, double, Object, double, Object, double, Object)
    
    RealFieldElement.Linearcombination（Double，Object，Double，Object），RealFieldElement.Linearcombination（双重，对象，双，对象，双重，对象，双，对象）
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(SparseGradient a1,
                               SparseGradient b1,
                               SparseGradient a2,
                               SparseGradient b2,
                               SparseGradient a3,
                               SparseGradient b3,
                               SparseGradient a4,
                               SparseGradient b4)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a1 - first factor of the first term
    
    A1 - 第一项的第一因素
    
    b1 - second factor of the first term
    
    B1 - 第一个术语的第二个因素
    
    a2 - first factor of the second term
    
    A2 - 第二项的第一因素
    
    b2 - second factor of the second term
    
    B2 - 第二项的第二个因素
    
    a3 - first factor of the third term
    
    A3 - 第三个术语的第一因素
    
    b3 - second factor of the third term
    
    B3 - 第三个术语的第二个因素
    
    a4 - first factor of the third term
    
    A4 - 第三个术语的第一因素
    
    b4 - second factor of the third term
    
    B4 - 第三个任期的第二个因素
    
    返回:
    a ₁×b ₁ + a ₂×b ₂ + a ₃×b ₃ + a ₄×b ₄
    
    A1×B1 + A2×B2 + A3×B3 + A4×B4
    
    另请参阅:
    RealFieldElement.linearCombination(Object, Object, Object, Object), RealFieldElement.linearCombination(Object, Object, Object, Object, Object, Object)
    
    RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（对象，对象，对象，对象），RealFieldElement.LinearCombination（对象，对象，对象，对象，对象，对象）
  - linearCombination
```
public SparseGradient linearCombination(double a1,
                               SparseGradient b1,
                               double a2,
                               SparseGradient b2,
                               double a3,
                               SparseGradient b3,
                               double a4,
                               SparseGradient b4)
```
    Compute a linear combination.
    
    计算线性组合。
    
    指定者:
    linearCombination in interface RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>
    
    界面中的线性过程RealFieldElement
    
    参数:
    a1 - first factor of the first term
    
    A1 - 第一项的第一因素
    
    b1 - second factor of the first term
    
    B1 - 第一个术语的第二个因素
    
    a2 - first factor of the second term
    
    A2 - 第二项的第一因素
    
    b2 - second factor of the second term
    
    B2 - 第二项的第二个因素
    
    a3 - first factor of the third term
    
    A3 - 第三个术语的第一因素
    
    b3 - second factor of the third term
    
    B3 - 第三个术语的第二个因素
    
    a4 - first factor of the third term
    
    A4 - 第三个术语的第一因素
    
    b4 - second factor of the third term
    
    B4 - 第三个任期的第二个因素
    
    返回:
    a ₁×b ₁ + a ₂×b ₂ + a ₃×b ₃ + a ₄×b ₄
    
    A1×B1 + A2×B2 + A3×B3 + A4×B4
    
    另请参阅:
    RealFieldElement.linearCombination(double, Object, double, Object), RealFieldElement.linearCombination(double, Object, double, Object, double, Object)
    
    RealFieldElement.linearcombination（双重，对象，双，对象），RealFieldElement.Linearcombination（双重，对象，双，对象，双，对象）
  - equals
```
public boolean equals(Object other)
```
    Test for the equality of two sparse gradients.
    Sparse gradients are considered equal if they have the same value and the same derivatives.
    
    测试两个稀疏梯度的平等。如果它们具有相同的值和相同的衍生物，则认为稀疏梯度是相等的。
    
    重写:
    equals in class Object
    
    等于类对象
    
    参数:
    other - Object to test for equality to this
    
    其他 - 用于测试平等的对象
    
    返回:
    true if two sparse gradients are equal
    
    如果两个稀疏梯度相等，则为真
  - hashCode
```
public int hashCode()
```
    Get a hashCode for the derivative structure.
    
    获取衍生结构结构的哈希码。
    
    重写:
    hashCode in class Object
    
    类对象中的哈希码
    
    返回:
    a hash code value for this object
    
    此对象的哈希码值
    
    从以下版本开始:
    3.2
    
    3.2

2.2. `SparseGradient` 源码赏析

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.math3.Field;
import org.apache.commons.math3.FieldElement;
import org.apache.commons.math3.RealFieldElement;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathArrays;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.Precision;

/**
 * First derivative computation with large number of variables.
 * <p>
 * This class plays a similar role to {@link DerivativeStructure}, with
 * a focus on efficiency when dealing with large number of independent variables
 * and most computation depend only on a few of them, and when only first derivative
 * is desired. When these conditions are met, this class should be much faster than
 * {@link DerivativeStructure} and use less memory.
 * </p>
 *
 * @since 3.3
 */
public class SparseGradient implements RealFieldElement<SparseGradient>, Serializable {

    /** Serializable UID. */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 20131025L;

    /** Value of the calculation. */
    private double value;

    /** Stored derivative, each key representing a different independent variable. */
    private final Map<Integer, Double> derivatives;

    /** Internal constructor.
     * @param value value of the function
     * @param derivatives derivatives map, a deep copy will be performed,
     * so the map given here will remain safe from changes in the new instance,
     * may be null to create an empty derivatives map, i.e. a constant value
     */
    private SparseGradient(final double value, final Map<Integer, Double> derivatives) {
        this.value = value;
        this.derivatives = new HashMap<Integer, Double>();
        if (derivatives != null) {
            this.derivatives.putAll(derivatives);
        }
    }

    /** Internal constructor.
     * @param value value of the function
     * @param scale scaling factor to apply to all derivatives
     * @param derivatives derivatives map, a deep copy will be performed,
     * so the map given here will remain safe from changes in the new instance,
     * may be null to create an empty derivatives map, i.e. a constant value
     */
    private SparseGradient(final double value, final double scale,
                             final Map<Integer, Double> derivatives) {
        this.value = value;
        this.derivatives = new HashMap<Integer, Double>();
        if (derivatives != null) {
            for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : derivatives.entrySet()) {
                this.derivatives.put(entry.getKey(), scale * entry.getValue());
            }
        }
    }

    /** Factory method creating a constant.
     * @param value value of the constant
     * @return a new instance
     */
    public static SparseGradient createConstant(final double value) {
        return new SparseGradient(value, Collections.<Integer, Double> emptyMap());
    }

    /** Factory method creating an independent variable.
     * @param idx index of the variable
     * @param value value of the variable
     * @return a new instance
     */
    public static SparseGradient createVariable(final int idx, final double value) {
        return new SparseGradient(value, Collections.singletonMap(idx, 1.0));
    }

    /**
     * Find the number of variables.
     * @return number of variables
     */
    public int numVars() {
        return derivatives.size();
    }

    /**
     * Get the derivative with respect to a particular index variable.
     *
     * @param index index to differentiate with.
     * @return derivative with respect to a particular index variable
     */
    public double getDerivative(final int index) {
        final Double out = derivatives.get(index);
        return (out == null) ? 0.0 : out;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the function.
     * @return value of the function.
     */
    public double getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public double getReal() {
        return value;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient add(final SparseGradient a) {
        final SparseGradient out = new SparseGradient(value + a.value, derivatives);
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : a.derivatives.entrySet()) {
            final int id = entry.getKey();
            final Double old = out.derivatives.get(id);
            if (old == null) {
                out.derivatives.put(id, entry.getValue());
            } else {
                out.derivatives.put(id, old + entry.getValue());
            }
        }

        return out;
    }

    /**
     * Add in place.
     * <p>
     * This method is designed to be faster when used multiple times in a loop.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The instance is changed here, in order to not change the
     * instance the {@link #add(SparseGradient)} method should
     * be used.
     * </p>
     * @param a instance to add
     */
    public void addInPlace(final SparseGradient a) {
        value += a.value;
        for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : a.derivatives.entrySet()) {
            final int id = entry.getKey();
            final Double old = derivatives.get(id);
            if (old == null) {
                derivatives.put(id, entry.getValue());
            } else {
                derivatives.put(id, old + entry.getValue());
            }
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient add(final double c) {
        final SparseGradient out = new SparseGradient(value + c, derivatives);
        return out;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient subtract(final SparseGradient a) {
        final SparseGradient out = new SparseGradient(value - a.value, derivatives);
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : a.derivatives.entrySet()) {
            final int id = entry.getKey();
            final Double old = out.derivatives.get(id);
            if (old == null) {
                out.derivatives.put(id, -entry.getValue());
            } else {
                out.derivatives.put(id, old - entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        return out;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient subtract(double c) {
        return new SparseGradient(value - c, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient multiply(final SparseGradient a) {
        final SparseGradient out =
            new SparseGradient(value * a.value, Collections.<Integer, Double> emptyMap());

        // Derivatives.
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : derivatives.entrySet()) {
            out.derivatives.put(entry.getKey(), a.value * entry.getValue());
        }
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : a.derivatives.entrySet()) {
            final int id = entry.getKey();
            final Double old = out.derivatives.get(id);
            if (old == null) {
                out.derivatives.put(id, value * entry.getValue());
            } else {
                out.derivatives.put(id, old + value * entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        return out;
    }

    /**
     * Multiply in place.
     * <p>
     * This method is designed to be faster when used multiple times in a loop.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The instance is changed here, in order to not change the
     * instance the {@link #add(SparseGradient)} method should
     * be used.
     * </p>
     * @param a instance to multiply
     */
    public void multiplyInPlace(final SparseGradient a) {
        // Derivatives.
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : derivatives.entrySet()) {
            derivatives.put(entry.getKey(), a.value * entry.getValue());
        }
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : a.derivatives.entrySet()) {
            final int id = entry.getKey();
            final Double old = derivatives.get(id);
            if (old == null) {
                derivatives.put(id, value * entry.getValue());
            } else {
                derivatives.put(id, old + value * entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        value *= a.value;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient multiply(final double c) {
        return new SparseGradient(value * c, c, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient multiply(final int n) {
        return new SparseGradient(value * n, n, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient divide(final SparseGradient a) {
        final SparseGradient out = new SparseGradient(value / a.value, Collections.<Integer, Double> emptyMap());

        // Derivatives.
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : derivatives.entrySet()) {
            out.derivatives.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue() / a.value);
        }
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : a.derivatives.entrySet()) {
            final int id = entry.getKey();
            final Double old = out.derivatives.get(id);
            if (old == null) {
                out.derivatives.put(id, -out.value / a.value * entry.getValue());
            } else {
                out.derivatives.put(id, old - out.value / a.value * entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        return out;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient divide(final double c) {
        return new SparseGradient(value / c, 1.0 / c, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient negate() {
        return new SparseGradient(-value, -1.0, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public Field<SparseGradient> getField() {
        return new Field<SparseGradient>() {

            /** {@inheritDoc} */
            public SparseGradient getZero() {
                return createConstant(0);
            }

            /** {@inheritDoc} */
            public SparseGradient getOne() {
                return createConstant(1);
            }

            /** {@inheritDoc} */
            public Class<? extends FieldElement<SparseGradient>> getRuntimeClass() {
                return SparseGradient.class;
            }

        };
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient remainder(final double a) {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.IEEEremainder(value, a), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient remainder(final SparseGradient a) {

        // compute k such that lhs % rhs = lhs - k rhs
        final double rem = FastMath.IEEEremainder(value, a.value);
        final double k   = FastMath.rint((value - rem) / a.value);

        return subtract(a.multiply(k));

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient abs() {
        if (Double.doubleToLongBits(value) < 0) {
            // we use the bits representation to also handle -0.0
            return negate();
        } else {
            return this;
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient ceil() {
        return createConstant(FastMath.ceil(value));
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient floor() {
        return createConstant(FastMath.floor(value));
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient rint() {
        return createConstant(FastMath.rint(value));
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public long round() {
        return FastMath.round(value);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient signum() {
        return createConstant(FastMath.signum(value));
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient copySign(final SparseGradient sign) {
        final long m = Double.doubleToLongBits(value);
        final long s = Double.doubleToLongBits(sign.value);
        if ((m >= 0 && s >= 0) || (m < 0 && s < 0)) { // Sign is currently OK
            return this;
        }
        return negate(); // flip sign
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient copySign(final double sign) {
        final long m = Double.doubleToLongBits(value);
        final long s = Double.doubleToLongBits(sign);
        if ((m >= 0 && s >= 0) || (m < 0 && s < 0)) { // Sign is currently OK
            return this;
        }
        return negate(); // flip sign
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient scalb(final int n) {
        final SparseGradient out = new SparseGradient(FastMath.scalb(value, n), Collections.<Integer, Double> emptyMap());
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : derivatives.entrySet()) {
            out.derivatives.put(entry.getKey(), FastMath.scalb(entry.getValue(), n));
        }
        return out;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient hypot(final SparseGradient y) {
        if (Double.isInfinite(value) || Double.isInfinite(y.value)) {
            return createConstant(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
        } else if (Double.isNaN(value) || Double.isNaN(y.value)) {
            return createConstant(Double.NaN);
        } else {

            final int expX = FastMath.getExponent(value);
            final int expY = FastMath.getExponent(y.value);
            if (expX > expY + 27) {
                // y is negligible with respect to x
                return abs();
            } else if (expY > expX + 27) {
                // x is negligible with respect to y
                return y.abs();
            } else {

                // find an intermediate scale to avoid both overflow and underflow
                final int middleExp = (expX + expY) / 2;

                // scale parameters without losing precision
                final SparseGradient scaledX = scalb(-middleExp);
                final SparseGradient scaledY = y.scalb(-middleExp);

                // compute scaled hypotenuse
                final SparseGradient scaledH =
                        scaledX.multiply(scaledX).add(scaledY.multiply(scaledY)).sqrt();

                // remove scaling
                return scaledH.scalb(middleExp);

            }

        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the hypotenuse of a triangle with sides {@code x} and {@code y}
     * - sqrt(<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+<i>y</i><sup>2</sup>)
     * avoiding intermediate overflow or underflow.
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li> If either argument is infinite, then the result is positive infinity.</li>
     * <li> else, if either argument is NaN then the result is NaN.</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param x a value
     * @param y a value
     * @return sqrt(<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+<i>y</i><sup>2</sup>)
     */
    public static SparseGradient hypot(final SparseGradient x, final SparseGradient y) {
        return x.hypot(y);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient reciprocal() {
        return new SparseGradient(1.0 / value, -1.0 / (value * value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient sqrt() {
        final double sqrt = FastMath.sqrt(value);
        return new SparseGradient(sqrt, 0.5 / sqrt, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient cbrt() {
        final double cbrt = FastMath.cbrt(value);
        return new SparseGradient(cbrt, 1.0 / (3 * cbrt * cbrt), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient rootN(final int n) {
        if (n == 2) {
            return sqrt();
        } else if (n == 3) {
            return cbrt();
        } else {
            final double root = FastMath.pow(value, 1.0 / n);
            return new SparseGradient(root, 1.0 / (n * FastMath.pow(root, n - 1)), derivatives);
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient pow(final double p) {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.pow(value,  p), p * FastMath.pow(value,  p - 1), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient pow(final int n) {
        if (n == 0) {
            return getField().getOne();
        } else {
            final double valueNm1 = FastMath.pow(value,  n - 1);
            return new SparseGradient(value * valueNm1, n * valueNm1, derivatives);
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient pow(final SparseGradient e) {
        return log().multiply(e).exp();
    }

    /** Compute a<sup>x</sup> where a is a double and x a {@link SparseGradient}
     * @param a number to exponentiate
     * @param x power to apply
     * @return a<sup>x</sup>
     */
    public static SparseGradient pow(final double a, final SparseGradient x) {
        if (a == 0) {
            if (x.value == 0) {
                return x.compose(1.0, Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
            } else if (x.value < 0) {
                return x.compose(Double.NaN, Double.NaN);
            } else {
                return x.getField().getZero();
            }
        } else {
            final double ax = FastMath.pow(a, x.value);
            return new SparseGradient(ax, ax * FastMath.log(a), x.derivatives);
        }
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient exp() {
        final double e = FastMath.exp(value);
        return new SparseGradient(e, e, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient expm1() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.expm1(value), FastMath.exp(value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient log() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.log(value), 1.0 / value, derivatives);
    }

    /** Base 10 logarithm.
     * @return base 10 logarithm of the instance
     */
    public SparseGradient log10() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.log10(value), 1.0 / (FastMath.log(10.0) * value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient log1p() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.log1p(value), 1.0 / (1.0 + value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient cos() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.cos(value), -FastMath.sin(value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient sin() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.sin(value), FastMath.cos(value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient tan() {
        final double t = FastMath.tan(value);
        return new SparseGradient(t, 1 + t * t, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient acos() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.acos(value), -1.0 / FastMath.sqrt(1 - value * value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient asin() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.asin(value), 1.0 / FastMath.sqrt(1 - value * value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient atan() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.atan(value), 1.0 / (1 + value * value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient atan2(final SparseGradient x) {

        // compute r = sqrt(x^2+y^2)
        final SparseGradient r = multiply(this).add(x.multiply(x)).sqrt();

        final SparseGradient a;
        if (x.value >= 0) {

            // compute atan2(y, x) = 2 atan(y / (r + x))
            a = divide(r.add(x)).atan().multiply(2);

        } else {

            // compute atan2(y, x) = +/- pi - 2 atan(y / (r - x))
            final SparseGradient tmp = divide(r.subtract(x)).atan().multiply(-2);
            a = tmp.add(tmp.value <= 0 ? -FastMath.PI : FastMath.PI);

        }

        // fix value to take special cases (+0/+0, +0/-0, -0/+0, -0/-0, +/-infinity) correctly
        a.value = FastMath.atan2(value, x.value);

        return a;

    }

    /** Two arguments arc tangent operation.
     * @param y first argument of the arc tangent
     * @param x second argument of the arc tangent
     * @return atan2(y, x)
     */
    public static SparseGradient atan2(final SparseGradient y, final SparseGradient x) {
        return y.atan2(x);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient cosh() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.cosh(value), FastMath.sinh(value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient sinh() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.sinh(value), FastMath.cosh(value), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient tanh() {
        final double t = FastMath.tanh(value);
        return new SparseGradient(t, 1 - t * t, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient acosh() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.acosh(value), 1.0 / FastMath.sqrt(value * value - 1.0), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient asinh() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.asinh(value), 1.0 / FastMath.sqrt(value * value + 1.0), derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient atanh() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.atanh(value), 1.0 / (1.0 - value * value), derivatives);
    }

    /** Convert radians to degrees, with error of less than 0.5 ULP
     *  @return instance converted into degrees
     */
    public SparseGradient toDegrees() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.toDegrees(value), FastMath.toDegrees(1.0), derivatives);
    }

    /** Convert degrees to radians, with error of less than 0.5 ULP
     *  @return instance converted into radians
     */
    public SparseGradient toRadians() {
        return new SparseGradient(FastMath.toRadians(value), FastMath.toRadians(1.0), derivatives);
    }

    /** Evaluate Taylor expansion of a sparse gradient.
     * @param delta parameters offsets (&Delta;x, &Delta;y, ...)
     * @return value of the Taylor expansion at x + &Delta;x, y + &Delta;y, ...
     */
    public double taylor(final double ... delta) {
        double y = value;
        for (int i = 0; i < delta.length; ++i) {
            y += delta[i] * getDerivative(i);
        }
        return y;
    }

    /** Compute composition of the instance by a univariate function.
     * @param f0 value of the function at (i.e. f({@link #getValue()}))
     * @param f1 first derivative of the function at
     * the current point (i.e. f'({@link #getValue()}))
     * @return f(this)
    */
    public SparseGradient compose(final double f0, final double f1) {
        return new SparseGradient(f0, f1, derivatives);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final SparseGradient[] a,
                                              final SparseGradient[] b)
        throws DimensionMismatchException {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = a[0].getField().getZero();
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
            out = out.add(a[i].multiply(b[i]));
        }

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        final double[] aDouble = new double[a.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
            aDouble[i] = a[i].getValue();
        }
        final double[] bDouble = new double[b.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) {
            bDouble[i] = b[i].getValue();
        }
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(aDouble, bDouble);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final double[] a, final SparseGradient[] b) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = b[0].getField().getZero();
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
            out = out.add(b[i].multiply(a[i]));
        }

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        final double[] bDouble = new double[b.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) {
            bDouble[i] = b[i].getValue();
        }
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a, bDouble);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final SparseGradient a1, final SparseGradient b1,
                                              final SparseGradient a2, final SparseGradient b2) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = a1.multiply(b1).add(a2.multiply(b2));

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a1.value, b1.value, a2.value, b2.value);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final double a1, final SparseGradient b1,
                                              final double a2, final SparseGradient b2) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = b1.multiply(a1).add(b2.multiply(a2));

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a1, b1.value, a2, b2.value);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final SparseGradient a1, final SparseGradient b1,
                                              final SparseGradient a2, final SparseGradient b2,
                                              final SparseGradient a3, final SparseGradient b3) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = a1.multiply(b1).add(a2.multiply(b2)).add(a3.multiply(b3));

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a1.value, b1.value,
                                                 a2.value, b2.value,
                                                 a3.value, b3.value);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final double a1, final SparseGradient b1,
                                              final double a2, final SparseGradient b2,
                                              final double a3, final SparseGradient b3) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = b1.multiply(a1).add(b2.multiply(a2)).add(b3.multiply(a3));

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a1, b1.value,
                                                 a2, b2.value,
                                                 a3, b3.value);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final SparseGradient a1, final SparseGradient b1,
                                              final SparseGradient a2, final SparseGradient b2,
                                              final SparseGradient a3, final SparseGradient b3,
                                              final SparseGradient a4, final SparseGradient b4) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = a1.multiply(b1).add(a2.multiply(b2)).add(a3.multiply(b3)).add(a4.multiply(b4));

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a1.value, b1.value,
                                                 a2.value, b2.value,
                                                 a3.value, b3.value,
                                                 a4.value, b4.value);

        return out;

    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public SparseGradient linearCombination(final double a1, final SparseGradient b1,
                                              final double a2, final SparseGradient b2,
                                              final double a3, final SparseGradient b3,
                                              final double a4, final SparseGradient b4) {

        // compute a simple value, with all partial derivatives
        SparseGradient out = b1.multiply(a1).add(b2.multiply(a2)).add(b3.multiply(a3)).add(b4.multiply(a4));

        // recompute an accurate value, taking care of cancellations
        out.value = MathArrays.linearCombination(a1, b1.value,
                                                 a2, b2.value,
                                                 a3, b3.value,
                                                 a4, b4.value);

        return out;

    }

    /**
     * Test for the equality of two sparse gradients.
     * <p>
     * Sparse gradients are considered equal if they have the same value
     * and the same derivatives.
     * </p>
     * @param other Object to test for equality to this
     * @return true if two sparse gradients are equal
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object other) {

        if (this == other) {
            return true;
        }

        if (other instanceof SparseGradient) {
            final SparseGradient rhs = (SparseGradient)other;
            if (!Precision.equals(value, rhs.value, 1)) {
                return false;
            }
            if (derivatives.size() != rhs.derivatives.size()) {
                return false;
            }
            for (final Map.Entry<Integer, Double> entry : derivatives.entrySet()) {
                if (!rhs.derivatives.containsKey(entry.getKey())) {
                    return false;
                }
                if (!Precision.equals(entry.getValue(), rhs.derivatives.get(entry.getKey()), 1)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        return false;

    }

    /**
     * Get a hashCode for the derivative structure.
     * @return a hash code value for this object
     * @since 3.2
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return 743 + 809 * MathUtils.hash(value) + 167 * derivatives.hashCode();
    }

}

寒水馨

关注

1
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
打赏
0
评论
复制链接

分享到 QQ

分享到新浪微博

扫一扫

专栏目录

commons-math3-3.6.1-类-SparseGradient-中英对照文档及源码赏析

commons-math3-3.6.1-类-SparseGradient-中英对照文档及源码赏析

完整中文文档、中英对照文档下载请移步：commons-math3-中文文档、中英对照文档-CSDN下载

1. 开源组件说明

完整中文文档、中英对照文档下载请移步：commons-math3-中文文档、中英对照文档-CSDN下载

2. 类：org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation.SparseGradient

2.1. SparseGradient 中英对照文档

类 SparseGradient

方法概要

从类继承的方法 java.lang.Object

方法详细说明

createConstant

createVariable

numVars

getDerivative

getValue

getReal

add

addInPlace

add

subtract

subtract

multiply

multiplyInPlace

multiply

multiply

divide

divide

negate

getField

remainder

remainder

abs

ceil

floor

rint

round

signum

copySign

copySign

scalb

hypot

hypot

reciprocal

sqrt

cbrt

rootN

pow

pow

pow

pow

exp

expm1

log

log10

log1p

cos

sin

tan

acos

asin

atan

atan2

atan2

cosh

sinh

tanh

acosh

asinh

atanh

toDegrees

toRadians

taylor

compose

linearCombination

linearCombination

linearCombination

linearCombination

linearCombination

linearCombination

2. 类：`org.apache.commons.math3.analysis.differentiation.SparseGradient`

2.1. `SparseGradient` 中英对照文档

2.2. `SparseGradient` 源码赏析