学习随笔——Java类和对象小例子（二）

一、打印员工信息（方法参数）

public class ParamTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /*
         * Test1:方法不能修改数值参数
         */
        System.out.println("测试tripleValue:");
        double percent = 10;
        System.out.println("Before: percent="+percent);
        tripleValue(percent);
        System.out.println("After: percent="+percent);

        /*
         * Test2:方法可以改变对象参数的状态
         */
        System.out.println("\n测试tripleSalary:");
        Employee2 harry = new Employee2("Harry", 50000);
        System.out.println("Before: salary="+harry.getSalary());
        tripleSalary(harry);
        System.out.println("After: salary="+harry.getSalary());

        /*
         * Test3:方法不能让对象参数引用一个新对象
         */
        System.out.println("\n测试swap:");
        Employee2 a = new Employee2("Alice", 70000);
        Employee2 b = new Employee2("Bob", 60000);
        System.out.println("Before: a="+a.getName());
        System.out.println("Before: b="+b.getName());
        swap(a, b);
        System.out.println("After: a="+a.getName());
        System.out.println("After: b="+b.getName());
    }

    public static void tripleValue(double x){   //不工作
        x = 3 * x;
        System.out.println("End of method: x="+x);
    }

    public static void tripleSalary(Employee2 x){   //工作
        x.raiseSalary(200);
        System.out.println("End of method: salary="+x.getSalary());
    }

    public static void swap(Employee2 x,Employee2 y){
        Employee2 temp = x;
        x = y;
        y = temp;
        System.out.println("End of method: x="+x.getName());
        System.out.println("End of method: y="+y.getName());
    }

}

class Employee2{    //简化员工类
    private String name;
    private double salary;

    public Employee2(String n,double s){
        name = n;
        salary = s;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }

    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent){
        double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
        salary += raise;
    }
}

二、打印员工信息（对象构造）

import java.util.*;

public class ConstructorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //在staff数组中填充三个Employee对象
        Employee3[] staff = new Employee3[3];

        staff[0] = new Employee3("Harry", 40000);
        staff[1] = new Employee3(60000);
        staff[2] = new Employee3();

        //打印关于所有Employee3对象的信息
        for(Employee3 e : staff){
            System.out.println("name="+e.getName()+",id="+e.getId()+",salary="+e.getSalary());
        }
    }

}

class Employee3{
    private static int nextId;

    private int id;
    private String name = "";   //实例字段初始化
    private double salary; 

    //静态初始化块
    static{
        Random generator = new Random();
        //将nextId设置为0到9999之间的随机数
        nextId = generator.nextInt(10000);
    }

    //对象初始化块
    {
        id = nextId;
        nextId++;
    }

    //三个重载构造函数
    public Employee3(String n,double s){
        name = n;
        salary = s;
    }

    public Employee3(double s){
        //调用Employee3(String,double)构造函数
        this("Employee3 #"+nextId,s);   //构造器的第一个语句形如this()，将调用同一个类的另一个构造器
    }

    //默认构造函数
    public Employee3(){
        //将名称初始化为 ""--参见上面
        //工资未显式设置——初始化为0
        //id在初始化块中初始化
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }

    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }

    public int getId(){
        return id;
    }
}