304. Range Sum Query 2D - Immutable

class NumMatrix:

    def __init__(self, matrix):
        """
        :type matrix: List[List[int]]
        """
        if not matrix:
            return None
        r = len(matrix)
        c = len(matrix[0])
        self.dp = [[0] * (c + 1) for _ in range(r + 1)]  # 多加一行一列0
        for i in range(1, r + 1):
            for j in range(1, c + 1):
                self.dp[i][j] = self.dp[i - 1][j] + self.dp[i][j - 1] + matrix[i - 1][j - 1] - self.dp[i - 1][j - 1]

    def sumRegion(self, row1, col1, row2, col2):
        """
        :type row1: int
        :type col1: int
        :type row2: int
        :type col2: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        row1, col1, row2, col2 = row1 + 1, col1 + 1, row2 + 1, col2 + 1
        # 状态转移方程
        return self.dp[row2][col2] - self.dp[row1 - 1][col2] - self.dp[row2][col1 - 1] + self.dp[row1 - 1][col1 - 1]