人工智能基本算法

1、代价函数

# 计算代价函数
def computerCost(X,y,theta):
    m = len(y)
    J = 0
    
    J = (np.transpose(X*theta-y))*(X*theta-y)/(2*m) #计算代价J
    return J

2、梯度下降算法

# 梯度下降算法
def gradientDescent(X,y,theta,alpha,num_iters):
    m = len(y)      
    n = len(theta)
    
    temp = np.matrix(np.zeros((n,num_iters)))   # 暂存每次迭代计算的theta，转化为矩阵形式
    
    
    J_history = np.zeros((num_iters,1)) #记录每次迭代计算的代价值
    
    for i in range(num_iters):  # 遍历迭代次数    
        h = np.dot(X,theta)     # 计算内积，matrix可以直接乘
        temp[:,i] = theta - ((alpha/m)*(np.dot(np.transpose(X),h-y)))   #梯度的计算
        theta = temp[:,i]
        J_history[i] = computerCost(X,y,theta)      #调用计算代价函数
        print '.',      
    return theta,J_history  

3、均值归一化

# 归一化feature
def featureNormaliza(X):
    X_norm = np.array(X)            #将X转化为numpy数组对象，才可以进行矩阵的运算
    #定义所需变量
    mu = np.zeros((1,X.shape[1]))   
    sigma = np.zeros((1,X.shape[1]))
    
    mu = np.mean(X_norm,0)          # 求每一列的平均值（0指定为列，1代表行）
    sigma = np.std(X_norm,0)        # 求每一列的标准差
    for i in range(X.shape[1]):     # 遍历列
        X_norm[:,i] = (X_norm[:,i]-mu[i])/sigma[i]  # 归一化
    
    return X_norm,mu,sigma

4. sk-learn 

• 导入包

from sklearn import linear_model
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler    #引入缩放的包

• 归一化

    # 归一化操作
    scaler = StandardScaler()   
    scaler.fit(X)
    x_train = scaler.transform(X)
    x_test = scaler.transform(np.array([1650,3]))

• 线性模型拟合

    # 线性模型拟合
    model = linear_model.LinearRegression()
    model.fit(x_train, y)

• 预测

    #预测结果
    result = model.predict(x_test)