Python Pytest中fixture之yield唤醒teardown和终结函数addfinalizer

引入
我们之前学习的都是测试用例的前置固件，也就是相当于“setup”。说到这，细心的你可能想到了，那有没有什么方式可以表示出“teardown”？这就是我们今天学习的yield和addfinalizer。

yield
yield是一个关键字，它不是单独存在的，要写在fixtrue标记的固件中。

我们在声明的固件myfixture中加入yield关键字，在它下面写测试用例执行后想要运行的代码；其他有关于固件的使用没有任何差别。需要说明的一点是我们在pytest主函数中增加了一个参数“–setup-show”，他会显示出固件的执行情况。
 

import pytest

@pytest.fixture()
def myfixture():
    print("执行myfixture前半部分")
    yield
    print("执行myfixture的后半部分")

class Test_firstFile():

    def test_one(self,myfixture):
        print("执行test_one")
        assert 1+2==3

    def test_two(self):
        print("执行test_two")
        assert 1==1

    def test_three(self):
        print("执行test_three")
        assert 1+1==2

if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])


"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
collected 3 items

test03.py 执行myfixture前半部分

        SETUP    F myfixture
        test03.py::Test_firstFile::test_one (fixtures used: myfixture)执行test_one
.执行myfixture的后半部分

        TEARDOWN F myfixture
        test03.py::Test_firstFile::test_two执行test_two
.
        test03.py::Test_firstFile::test_three执行test_three
.

============================== 3 passed in 0.03s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

fixture里面的teardown用yield来唤醒teardown的执行

@pytest.fixture(scope="function",autouse=True)
def open():
    print("打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页")
    yield
    print("执行teardown!")


def test_s1(open):
    print("用例1：搜索python-1",open)

def test_s2():
    print("用例2：搜索python-2")

def test_s3():
    print("用例3：搜索python-3")


if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])


"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
collected 3 items

test03.py 打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页

        SETUP    F open
        test03.py::test_s1 (fixtures used: open)用例1：搜索python-1 None
.执行teardown!

        TEARDOWN F open打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页

        SETUP    F open
        test03.py::test_s2 (fixtures used: open)用例2：搜索python-2
.执行teardown!

        TEARDOWN F open打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页

        SETUP    F open
        test03.py::test_s3 (fixtures used: open)用例3：搜索python-3
.执行teardown!

        TEARDOWN F open

============================== 3 passed in 0.03s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

如果测试用例中的代码出现异常或者断言失败，并不会影响他的固件中yield后的代码执行；但是如果固件中的yield之前的代码也就是相当于setup部分的带代码，出现错误或断言失败，那么yield后的代码将不会再执行，当然测试用例中的代码也不会执行。

@pytest.fixture(scope="function",autouse=True)
def open():
    print("打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页")
    yield
    print("执行teardown!")


def test_s1(open):
    print("用例1：搜索python-1",aaaa)

def test_s2():
    print("用例2：搜索python-2")

def test_s3():
    print("用例3：搜索python-3")


if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])


"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
collected 3 items

test03.py 打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页

        SETUP    F open
        test03.py::test_s1 (fixtures used: open)F执行teardown!

        TEARDOWN F open打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页

        SETUP    F open
        test03.py::test_s2 (fixtures used: open)用例2：搜索python-2
.执行teardown!

        TEARDOWN F open打开浏览器，并且打开百度首页

        SETUP    F open
        test03.py::test_s3 (fixtures used: open)用例3：搜索python-3
.执行teardown!

        TEARDOWN F open

================================== FAILURES ===================================
___________________________________ test_s1 ___________________________________

open = None

    def test_s1(open):
>       print("用例1：搜索python-1",aaaa)
E       NameError: name 'aaaa' is not defined

test03.py:78: NameError
========================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.13s =========================

我们也可以通过request.addfinalizer()的方式实现“teardown”

我们在固件中传入request参数；又在固件中定义了一个内置函数；最后将定义的内置函数添加到request的addfinalizer中。

@pytest.fixture()
def myfixture(request):
    print ("执行固件myfixture的前半部分")
    def myteardown():
        print("执行固件myfture的后半部分")
    request.addfinalizer(myteardown)


class Test_Pytest():

        def test_one(self,myfixture):
                print("test_one方法执行" )
                assert 1==1

        def test_two(self):
                print("test_two方法执行" )
                assert "o" in "love"

        def test_three(self):
                print("test_three方法执行" )
                assert 3-2==1

if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["--setup-show","-s","test03.py"])



"C:\Program Files\Python35\python.exe" C:/Users/wangli/PycharmProjects/Test/test/test03.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-5.1.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: C:\Users\wangli\PycharmProjects\Test\test
collected 3 items

test03.py 执行固件myfixture的前半部分

        SETUP    F myfixture
        test03.py::Test_Pytest::test_one (fixtures used: myfixture)test_one方法执行
.执行固件myfture的后半部分

        TEARDOWN F myfixture
        test03.py::Test_Pytest::test_twotest_two方法执行
.
        test03.py::Test_Pytest::test_threetest_three方法执行
.

============================== 3 passed in 0.04s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0