解决tomcat遇到的所有乱码问题

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本文记录我遇见过的所有乱码问题，应该都可以解决，至于原理这里不多讨论，可自行科普相关内容

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1 tomcat启动控制台乱码

1.1 eclipse没遇到过
1.2 Idea请在tomcat配置中加上参数

-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8

2 控制台输出结果乱码

2.1如果是get请求，修改tomcat的配置文件server.xml中encoding全部修改为UTF-8
2.2使用String类构造方法
String queryString = new String(queryString.getBytes("iso8859-1"), "utf-8");

3 页面乱码

3.1可能是页面元素编码不对，尝试在html或jsp中添加如下

如果还乱码，检查是否是jsp页面头指令元素写错。

<%@ page language=“java” contentType=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”
pageEncoding=“UTF-8”%>
<%@taglib uri=“http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core” prefix=“c”%>
第一行jsp字符编码，第二行jstl
3.2Servlet解决乱码三行代码

req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

这三行代码可应用于

• Servlet开发或使用SpringMVC开发，方法参数加上HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse
• Servlet开发中配置过滤器
  3.3SpringMVC开发中通常简化配置在web.xml中解决post乱码，原理同上

<filter>
		<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

3.4SpringMVC开发使用消息转换器或拦截器解决乱码
-springmvc.xml
-1)默认消息转换器

<mvc:annotation-driven>
		<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
			<bean
				class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
				<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
					<list>
						<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
						<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
					</list>
				</property>
			</bean>
		</mvc:message-converters>
	</mvc:annotation-driven>

2)自定义拦截器实现
implements HandlerInterceptor或extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter
在进入处理器之前写上上面三行解决乱码代码。
3.5Springboot

package cn.itcast.springboot.demo;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import org.springframework.boot.Banner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = { RedisAutoConfiguration.class })
@Configuration
public class HelloApplication {

	@RequestMapping("hello")
	@ResponseBody
	public String hello() {
		return "hello world！ya我是是是";
	}
	
	/*
	 * 消息转换器	默认是UTF-8
	 */
	@Bean
	public StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter() {
		StringHttpMessageConverter converter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1"));
		return converter;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
//        SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args);
		// 关闭bannner
		SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(HelloApplication.class);
		app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF);
		app.run(args);
	}

}

或

package cn.itcast.springboot.demo;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration //申明这是一个配置
public class MySrpingMVCConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{

    // 自定义拦截器
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        HandlerInterceptor handlerInterceptor = new HandlerInterceptor() {
            @Override
            public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
                    throws Exception {
                System.out.println("自定义拦截器............");
                return true;
            }
            
            @Override
            public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                    ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
                
            }
            
            @Override
            public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                    Exception ex) throws Exception {
            }
        };
        registry.addInterceptor(handlerInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }

    // 自定义消息转化器的第二种方法
    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        StringHttpMessageConverter converter  = new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        converters.add(converter);
    }

}

4 数据库乱码

1，先断点调试是否是传参过程中就乱码，参考前几种方式解决
还有是否前台页面传参就已经乱码，decode需要两次
点击参考此博文
2，数据库的编码格式