【整理】Python基础（一）

为了方便编程，整理一些Python的基础知识，以供随时参考。

数字

整数

整数类型：int
int（a）可以把变量a的类型转变为整型。str（a）则把a变为字符型。
可执行运算：加（+）、减（-）、乘（*）、除（/）、乘方（**）
除（/）永远返回浮点数类型，如果除法运算要得到整数结果，即忽略小数，就用“//”运算。
%：计算余数。

>>> 17 / 3  # classic division returns a float
5.666666666666667
>>>17 // 3  # floor division discards the fractional part
5
 >>>17 % 3  # the % operator returns the remainder of the division
2
 >>>5 * 3 + 2  # result * divisor + remainder
17
>>> 5 ** 2  # 5 squared
25
>>> 2 ** 7  # 2 to the power of 7
128

复数：使用后缀 j 或者 J 就可以表示虚数部分（例如 3+5j ）。

浮点数

有小数部分的数。
浮点数类型：float

字符串

1.字符串的表达：单引号（‘…’）、双引号（“…”）
2.反斜杠 \ 用来转义，可以表示字符类型的引号、换行等。配合print语句使用，效果奇佳。

>>> 'spam eggs'  # single quotes
'spam eggs'
>>> 'doesn\'t'  # use \' to escape the single quote...
"doesn't"
>>> "doesn't"  # ...or use double quotes instead
"doesn't"
>>> '"Yes," they said.'
'"Yes," they said.'
>>> "\"Yes,\" they said."
'"Yes," they said.'
>>> '"Isn\'t," they said.'
'"Isn\'t," they said.'
>>> '"Isn\'t," they said.'
'"Isn\'t," they said.'
>>> print('"Isn\'t," they said.')
"Isn't," they said.
>>> s = 'First line.\nSecond line.'