4、导出爬取的数据至json文件并添加爬取多页功能
需求:
-
爬取 BOSS 直聘北京地区所有页面的招聘信息
-
将爬取到的数据导入到 json 格式的文件中
-
在Scrapy开发爬虫的步骤(第3节)的基础上进行后续开发
步骤:
(1)修改 pipeline.py 文件(输出到 json 文件)
- 在构造器中初始化资源
- 重写两个方法:
- process_item(self, item, spider):处理爬取的每项数据
- close_spider(self, spider):数据处理完后关闭蜘蛛
import json
class ZhipinspiderPipeline(object):
# 初始化要写入的JSON文件(Window默认字符集为GBK,建议以二进制的形式输出并编码成UTF-8格式)
def __init__(self):
self.json_file = open('jobs.json', 'wb+')
self.json_file.write('\n'.encode('UTF-8'))
def process_item(self, item, spider):
# 将每个item对象转换成一个json字符串
text = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + ',\n'
# 写入JSON文件
self.json_file.write(text.encode('UTF-8'))
# 蜘蛛关闭时(自动调用close_spider方法),需要关闭文件
def close_spider(self, spider):
print('-------关闭文件-------')
self.json_file.seek(-2, 1)
self.json_file.write('\n'.encode('UTF-8'))
self.json_file.close()
(2)编写 job_position.py 文件(添加读取下一页功能)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from ZhipinSpider.items import ZhipinspiderItem
class JobPositionSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'job_position'
allowed_domains = ['zhipin.com']
start_urls = ['https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/?query=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&city=101010100&industry=&position=']
def parse(self, response):
print(response.request.headers['User-Agent'])
for job_primary in response.xpath('//div[@class="job-primary"]'):
# 为每个招聘创建一个Item对象
item= ZhipinspiderItem()
# 获取包含工作信息的div
info_primary = job_primary.xpath('./div[@class="info-primary"]')
item['title'] = info_primary.xpath('./h3/a/div[@class="job-title"]/text()').extract()[0]
item['salary'] = info_primary.xpath('./h3/a/span[@class="red"]/text()').extract_first()
item['work_addr'] = info_primary.xpath('./p/text()').extract_first()
item['url'] = info_primary.xpath('./h3/a/@href').extract_first()
# 获取包含公司信息的div
info_company = job_primary.xpath('./div[@class="info-company"]/div[@class="company-text"]')
item['company'] = info_company.xpath('./h3/a/text()').extract_first()
company_info = info_company.xpath('./p/text()').extract()
if company_info and len(company_info) > 0:
item['industry'] = company_info[0]
if company_info and len(company_info) > 2:
item['company_size'] = company_info[2]
# 获取包含招聘人信息的div
info_publis = job_primary.xpath('./div[@class="info-publis"]')
item['recruiter'] = info_publis.xpath('./h3/text()').extract_first()
yield item
# 获取下一页的链接
new_links = response.xpath('//div[@class="page"]/a[@class="next"]/@href').extract()
if new_links and len(new_links) > 0:
new_link = new_links[0]
# 再次发送请求,并使用self.parse来处理服务器响应
yield scrapy.Request('https://www.zhipin.com' + new_links[0], callback=self.parse)
(3)运行Spider项目
-
cmd 窗口下:
F:
cd F:\PycharmProjects\ZhipinSpider\ZhipinSpider
scrapy crawl job_position