SpringMVC入门案例

web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">

    <!-- Spring配置文件 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:config/spring/spring-config*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Spring监听器 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
    <!-- 字符集过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>Encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>Encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    <!-- 前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:config/spring/springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

• 配置系统变量 contextConfigLocation，SpringMVC会根据配置的路径加载配置文件
• ContextLoaderListener 实现了接口 ServletContextListener，监听项目启动，用于Spring IoC容器初始化
• 配置 DispatcherServlet 我们给了一个 contextConfigLocation，SpringMVC会到这个路径下读取配置文件，如果不配置这个属性，SpringMVC会默认读取 /WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml 文件，没读取到会抛出异常
• DispatcherServlet 拦截请求的后缀有多种方式：
  1. *.do
  2. *.action
  3. /
  4. / *

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.5.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ronin.blog.controller"/>

    <!-- 配置注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 静态资源放行 -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" />

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

• 视图解析器中配置返回视图的前缀和后缀，SpringMVC根据返回的值拼接后到对应的路径下查找

Controller

完成了配置文件的书写，在 /WEB-INF/jsp/ 路径下创建一个 index.jsp 页面

@Controller
public class ArticleController {
    /**
     * 页面跳转
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "index",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView index(){
        //创建模型视图对象
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        //添加视图
        mav.setViewName("index");
        //返回模型和视图
        return mav;
    }
}

启动项目，访问对应的请求路径，实现页面跳转！