C primer plus第12章编程练习答案

编程练习答案是我学习过程中所敲，作为一个学渣，答案是以完成习题和易理解为导向，很少有一些五彩缤纷的算法。程序仅作为交流，如有错误与不足还请指出。
所用软件：VS2019

12.9.1

/* global.c -- 使用外部变量 */
#include <stdio.h>
void critic(int * p);
int main(void)
{
	int units = 0; /* 可选的重复声明 */
	printf("How many pounds to a firkin of butter?\n");
	scanf_s("%d", &units);
	while (units != 56)
		critic(&units);
	printf("You must have looked it up!\n");
	return 0;
}

void critic(int* p)
{ /*
删除了可选的重复声明 */
	printf("No luck, my friend. Try again.\n");
	scanf_s("%d", p);
}

12.9.2

// main函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include "pe12-2a.h"
int main(void)
{
	int mode;
	printf("Enter 0 for metric mode, 1 for US mode: ");
	scanf_s("%d", &mode);
	while (mode >= 0)
	{
		set_mode(mode);
		get_info();
		show_info();
		printf("Enter 0 for metric mode, 1 for US mode");
		printf(" (-1 to quit): ");
		scanf_s("%d", &mode);
	}
	printf("Done.\n");
	return 0;
}

//.文件
#ifndef PE12_2A_H
#define PE12_2A_H

void set_mode(int mode);
void get_info(void);
void show_info(void);

#endif

//.c文件
#include "pe12-2a.h"
#include "stdio.h"
int mode = 0;//模式
int distance = 0;//距离
double fuel = 0;//燃料

void set_mode(int m_mode)
{
	if (m_mode == 0 || m_mode == 1)
		mode = m_mode;
	else//不是0或者1
	{
		printf("Invalid mode specified.Mode %d used.\n",mode);
	}
	
}
void get_info(void)
{
	if (mode == 0)
	{
		printf("Enter distance traveled in kilometers : ");
		scanf_s("%d", &distance);
		printf("Enter fuel consumed in liters : ");
		scanf_s("%lf", &fuel);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Enter distance traveled in miles : ");
		scanf_s("%d", &distance);
		printf("Enter fuel consumed in gallons :");
		scanf_s("%lf", &fuel);
	}

}
void show_info(void)
{
	if (mode == 0)
	{
		printf("Fuel consumption is %.2lf liters per 100 km.\n", fuel / (double)distance * 100.0);
	}
	else
		printf("Fuel consumption is %.1lf miles per gallon.\n", distance / fuel);
	
}

12.9.3

//main函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include "pe12-2a.h"
int main(void)
{
	int mode;
	printf("Enter 0 for metric mode, 1 for US mode: ");
	scanf_s("%d", &mode);
	while (mode >= 0)
	{
		get_set_show(mode);
		printf("Enter 0 for metric mode, 1 for US mode");
		printf(" (-1 to quit): ");
		scanf_s("%d", &mode);
	}
	printf("Done.\n");
	return 0;
}

#ifndef PE12_2A_H
#define PE12_2A_H
void get_set_show(int mode);
#endif
#include "pe12-2a.h"
#include "stdio.h"

void get_set_show(int mode)
{
	static now_mode = 0;
	int distance;
	double fuel;
	if (mode == 0 || mode == 1)
		now_mode = mode;
	else//不是0或者1
		printf("Invalid mode specified.Mode %d used.\n", now_mode);

	if (now_mode == 0)
	{
		printf("Enter distance traveled in kilometers : ");
		scanf_s("%d", &distance);
		printf("Enter fuel consumed in liters : ");
		scanf_s("%lf", &fuel);

		printf("Fuel consumption is %.2lf liters per 100 km.\n", fuel / (double)distance * 100.0);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Enter distance traveled in miles : ");
		scanf_s("%d", &distance);
		printf("Enter fuel consumed in gallons :");
		scanf_s("%lf", &fuel);
		printf("Fuel consumption is %.1lf miles per gallon.\n", distance / fuel);

	}

}

12.9.4

#include "stdio.h"

int test(void);
int main(void)
{
	int num = 0;
	for (int i = 0;i < 50;i++)
		num = test();
	printf("该函数被调用了%d次", num);
	return 0;
}

int test(void)
{
	static int num = 0;
	num++;
	printf("这是该函数第%d次被调用\n",num);
	return num;
}

12.9.5

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
int main(void)
{
	int temp;
	int num[100];
	for (int i = 0;i < 100;i++)
		num[i] = rand() % 10 + 1;


	for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++)//冒泡排序
		for (int j = 0;j < 100 - i - 1;j++)
		{
			if (num[j+1] > num[j])
			{
				temp = num[j];
				num[j] = num[j+1];
				num[j + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	for (int i = 0;i < 100;i++)
	{
		printf("%d\n", num[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

12.9.6

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"

int main(void)
{
	int count[10][10] = {0};//计数 10组 每组0-9
	int num[10][1000];//数据 10组 每组1000
	for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++)
		for (int j = 0;j < 1000;j++)
			num[i][j] = rand() % 10 + 1;
	for (int i = 0;i < 10;i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0;j < 1000;j++)
		{
			switch (num[i][j])
			{
			case 1:count[i][0] += 1;break;
			case 2:count[i][1] += 1;break;
			case 3:count[i][2] += 1;break;
			case 4:count[i][3] += 1;break;
			case 5:count[i][4] += 1;break;
			case 6:count[i][5] += 1;break;
			case 7:count[i][6] += 1;break;
			case 8:count[i][7] += 1;break;
			case 9:count[i][8] += 1;break;
			case 10:count[i][9] += 1;break;
			default:exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0;i < 10;i++)
	{
		for (int j = 1;j < 11;j++)
		{
			printf("第%d组%d出现的次数为%d\n", i, j, count[i][j]);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

12.9.7

//main函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* 为库函数 srand() 提供原型 */
#include <time.h> /* 为 time() 提供原型 */
#include "diceroll.h" /* 为roll_n_dice()提供原型， 为roll_count变量
提供声明 */
int main(void)
{
	int sets;
	int sides, dice;
	srand((unsigned int)time(0)); /* 随机种子 */
	printf("Enter the number of sets; enter q to stop :");
	while (scanf_s("%d", &sets) == 1 && sets != 'q' )
	{
		printf("How many sides and how many dice?");
		scanf_s("%d%d", &sides,&dice);

		printf("Here are %d sets of %d %d-sided throws.\n", sets, sides, dice);
		for (int i = 0;i < sets;i++)
		{
			printf("%d  ", roll_n_dice(sides, dice));
		}
		printf("How many sets? Enter q to stop:");
	}

	printf("done!\n");
	return 0;
}

//.h文件
#ifndef _DICEROLL_H
#define _DICEROLL_H

extern int roll_count;
int roll_n_dice(int dice, int sides);
#endif

//.c文件
#include "diceroll.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* 提供库函数 rand()的原型 */
int roll_count = 0; /* 外部链接 */

static int rollem(int sides) /* 该函数属于该文件私有 */
{
	int roll;
	roll = rand() % sides + 1;
	++roll_count; /* 计算函数调用次数 */
	return roll;
} 

roll_n_dice(int dice, int sides) //输入筛子数量 面数 返回总点数
{
	int d;
	int total = 0;
	if (sides < 2)
	{
		printf("Need at least 2 sides.\n");
		return -2;
	}
	if (dice < 1)
	{
		printf("Need at least 1 die.\n");
		return -1;
	}

	for(d = 0; d < dice; d++)
		total += rollem(sides);
	return total;
}

12.9.8

#include <stdio.h>
#include "stdlib.h"
int* make_array(int elem, int val);
void show_array(const int ar[], int n);
int main(void)
{
	int* pa;
	int size;
	int value;
	printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
	while (scanf_s("%d", &size) == 1 && size > 0)
	{
		printf("Enter the initialization value: ");
		scanf_s("%d", &value);
		pa = make_array(size, value);
		if (pa)
		{
			show_array(pa, size);
			free(pa);
		}
		printf("Enter the number of elements (<1 to quit): ");
	}
	printf("Done.\n");
	return 0;
}
int* make_array(int elem, int val)
{
	int* elem_ptr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * elem);//分配内存
	for (int i = 0;i < elem;i++)//赋值
	{
		elem_ptr[i] = val;
	}
	return elem_ptr;
}
void show_array(const int ar[], int n)
{
	for (int i = 0;i < n;i++)
	{
		if (i % 8 == 0 && i != 0)
			printf("\n");
		printf("%d", ar[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

12.9.9

#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
int main(void)
{
	int word_num = 0;
	printf("How many words do you wish to enter ?\n");
	scanf_s("%d", &word_num);
	char** num_ptr = (char **)malloc(word_num * sizeof(char*));
	printf("Enter %d words now :\n",word_num);
	for (int i = 0;i < word_num;i++)
	{
		char word_temp[100];//临时储存单词
		scanf("%s", word_temp);//读取字符串
		char* word_ptr = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * strlen(word_temp) + 1);//分配内存给单词
		for (int j = 0;j < sizeof(char) * strlen(word_temp) + 1;j++)//字符串放到动态内存中 +1很重要要把\0放进去
		{
			word_ptr[j] = word_temp[j];
		}
		//单词的地址给指针数组
		num_ptr[i] = word_ptr;
	}
	printf("Here are your words:\n");
	for (int i = 0;i < word_num;i++)
	{
		printf("%s\n", num_ptr[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}