08 sping核心技术-IOC容器（基于java的容器配置）

本节介绍如何在Java代码中使用注释来配置Spring容器

1 基本概念:@Bean和@Configuration

Spring的Java配置支持中的核心构件是带@ configuration注释的类和带@ bean注释的方法。

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

	@Bean
	public MyServiceImpl myService() {
		return new MyServiceImpl();
	}
}

2 使用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext实例化Spring容器

public static void main(String[] args) {
	ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyServiceImpl.class, Dependency1.class, Dependency2.class);
	MyService myService = ctx.getBean(MyService.class);
	myService.doStuff();
}

3 使用scan(String…)启用组件扫描

要启用组件扫描，你可以这样注释@Configuration类:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.acme")
public class AppConfig  {
	// ...
}

4 支持带有AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext的Web应用程序

<web-app>
	<!-- Configure ContextLoaderListener to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
		instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
		<param-value>
			org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
		</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- Configuration locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
		fully-qualified @Configuration classes. Fully-qualified packages may also be
		specified for component-scanning -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>com.acme.AppConfig</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- Bootstrap the root application context as usual using ContextLoaderListener -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<!-- Declare a Spring MVC DispatcherServlet as usual -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<!-- Configure DispatcherServlet to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
			instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
			<param-value>
				org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
			</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<!-- Again, config locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
			and fully-qualified @Configuration classes -->
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>com.acme.web.MvcConfig</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</servlet>

	<!-- map all requests for /app/* to the dispatcher servlet -->
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5 @Bean是一个方法级的注释

@Bean是一个方法级注释，是XML 元素的直接类比。注释支持提供的一些属性，例如：

• init-method
• destroy-method
• autowiring
• name.

生命周期回调 init-method destroy-method
指定Bean作用域@Scope

6 使用@Configuration注释

@Configuration是类级别的注释，指示对象是bean定义的源。
注入bean间依赖：

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

	@Bean
	public BeanOne beanOne() {
		return new BeanOne(beanTwo());
	}

	@Bean
	public BeanTwo beanTwo() {
		return new BeanTwo();
	}
}

7 使用@Import注释

@Import注释允许从另一个配置类加载@Bean定义，如下面的例子所示:

@Configuration
public class ConfigA {

	@Bean
	public A a() {
		return new A();
	}
}

@Configuration
@Import(ConfigA.class)
public class ConfigB {

	@Bean
	public B b() {
		return new B();
	}
}

@ImportResource(“classpath:/com/acme/properties-config.xml”)