Python面试一百题——数据存储

目录

1. 读取XML节点和属性值
2. XML文档与字典之间的互相转换
3. 将JSON字符串转换为类的实例
4. 将类的实例转换为JSON字符串
5. 操作SQLite数据库
6. 操作MySQL数据库
7. ORM框架
8. 将XML文档保存在MongoDB数据库

01.读取XML节点和属性值

form xml.etree.ElementTree import parse

doc = parse('file/products.xml')
print(type(doc))
for item in doc.iterfimd('products/product'):   # 找product节点
    id = item.findtext('id')     # 找id节点里的文本
    name = item.findtext('name')
    price = item.findtext('price')
    uuid = item.get('uuid')     # 获得uuid属性值
    print('uuid','=', uuid)
    print('id', '=', id)
    print('name', '=', name)
    print('price', '=', price)
    print('-' * 9)

总结

02.XML文档与字典之间的互相转换

# 字典转xml
import dicttoxml
import os
from xml.dom.minidom import parseString

d = [20, 'name', {'name': 'Bill', 'age': 30, 'salary': 2000},
                 {'name': 'Mike', 'age': 40, 'salary': 3000},
                 {'name': 'John', 'age': 20, 'salary': 4000}]

bxml = dicttoxml.dicttoxml(d, custom_root='person')
xml = bxml.decode('utf-8')
dom = parseString(xml)
prettyxml = dom.toprettyxml(indent='  ')
f = open('persons.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
f.write(prettyxml)
f.close()

# xml转字典
import xmltodict
import pprint

f = open('persons.xml', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
xml = f.read()
d = xmltodict.parse(xml)
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=2)
pp.pprint(d)
print(d)

总结

03.将JSON字符串转换为类的实例

import json

class Product:
    def __init__(self, d):
        self.__dict__ = d

f = open('products.json', 'r')
jsonStr = f.read()
product = json.loads(jsonStr, object_hook=Product)   # 先用loads把type变为 'dict'，再引入Product类
print(product.name)
print(product.price)

# 方法二：创建转换函数
def json2Product(d):
    return Product(d)

product1 = json.loads(jsonStr, object_hook=json2Product)    # json2Product不能加()，否则为调用
print(product1.name)
print(product1.price)

总结

04.将类的实例转换为JSON字符串

import json

class Product:
    def __init__(self, name, price, count):
        self.name = name
        self.price = price
        self.count = count

product = Product('特斯拉', 100000, 20)
def product2Dict(obj):
    return {
        'name':obj.name,
        'price':obj.price,
        'count':obj.count
    }
jsonStr = json.dumps(product, default=product2Dict, ensure_ascii=False)
print(jsonStr)
{"name": "特斯拉", "price": 100000, "count": 20}
jsonStr = json.dumps(product, default=product2Dict, ensure_ascii=True)	# 若改为True，则中文不会按原来输出
{"name": "\u7279\u65af\u62c9", "price": 100000, "count": 20}

# 问题二
f = open('products.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
jsonStr = f.read()


class Product:
    def __init__(self, d):
        self.__dict__ = d

products = json.loads(jsonStr, object_hook=Product)
for product in products:
    print(product.name)

jsonStr = json.dumps(products, default=product2Dict, ensure_ascii=False))
print(jsonStr)

总结

05.操作SQLite数据库