SELECT语句

1.查询表中所有列                            

                    SELECT * FROM employee;

2.查询特定列    

                     SELECT name,age FROM employee;

3.条件查询

                     SELECT name,age FROM employee WHERE age>20

                                                                            WHERE age>10 AND age<30

                                                                            WHERE age<10 OR age>30

                                                                            WHERE age BETWEEN 10 AND 30

                                                                            WHERE name='Tom'

4.范围查询        区别于3的是，这条判断的是是否等于给定值

                    SELECT name,age,phone,in_dpt FROM employee WHERE in_dpt IN ('dpt3','dpt4');

                    SELECT name,age,phone,in_dpt FROM employee WHERE in_dpt NOT IN ('dpt3','dpt4');

5.通配符            LIKE +‘通配符’ _表示一个不确定位     %表示多个不确定位

                     SELECT name,age,phone FROM employee WHERE phone LIKE '1101__';


                     SELECT name,age,phone FROM employee WHERE name LIKE 'J%';

6.对查询结果排序          默认情况下，ORDER BY的结果是升序排列，而使用关键词ASC和DESC可指定升序或降序排序。 比如，我们按salary降序排列

                       SELECT name,age,salary,phone FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC;

7.相关函数

            函数名： COUNT SUM         AVG            MAX           MIN
            作用：           计数 求和      求平均值   最大值          最小值
其中 COUNT 函数可用于任何数据类型(因为它只是计数)，而 SUM 、AVG 函数都只能对数字类数据类型做计算，MAX 和 MIN 可用于数值、字符串或是日期时间数据类型。


            SELECT MAX(salary) AS max_salary,MIN(salary) FROM employee;

8.子查询                      综合多个表得出信息的方法

            例如：想要知道名为 "Tom" 的员工所在部门做了几个工程。员工信息储存在 employee 表中，但工程信息储存在project 表中。

                SELECT of_dpt,COUNT(proj_name) AS count_project FROM project
                WHERE of_dpt IN

                (SELECT in_dpt FROM employee WHERE name='Tom'); 

                 

9.连接查询         子查询只适用于来自一个表，连接查询是吧多个表变成一个表来进行子查询    

            SELECT id,name,people_num
            FROM employee,department
            WHERE employee.in_dpt = department.dpt_name
            ORDER BY id;

或者
            SELECT id,name,people_num
            FROM employee JOIN department
            ON employee.in_dpt = department.dpt_name
            ORDER BY id;