教你如何实现android沉浸式状态栏（布局）

今天教给大家一个新技能，四步编写沉浸式布局。
什么是沉浸式布局呢？就是让你项目的状态栏不那么突兀，让他尽量和标题栏是一个颜色，不过我们添加完颜色后一般会给他设置成半透明的。
简单实用，教不会不要钱。
现在我们进入正题。
第一步，准备工作。首先在res文件夹下的values文件夹中找到styles.xml这个文件，在AppTheme中添加以下代码

<item name="android:fitsSystemWindows">true</item>

如果你不添加这行代码你的手机状态栏将不占位会和标题栏重合。
你也可以在个别布局的父控件中添加以下代码会起到和上面一样的结果

android:fitsSystemWindows="true"

这样添加会更灵活。
第二步，更简单把我下面写的类随便找个地方粘到你的项目里就好了

public class SystemBarTintManager {

    static {
        // Android allows a system property to override the presence of the navigation bar.
        // Used by the emulator.
        // See https://github.com/android/platform_frameworks_base/blob/master/policy/src/com/android/internal/policy/impl/PhoneWindowManager.java#L1076
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
            try {
                Class c = Class.forName("android.os.SystemProperties");
                Method m = c.getDeclaredMethod("get", String.class);
                m.setAccessible(true);
                sNavBarOverride = (String) m.invoke(null, "qemu.hw.mainkeys");
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                sNavBarOverride = null;
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * The default system bar tint color value.
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_TINT_COLOR = 0x99000000;

    private static String sNavBarOverride;

    private final SystemBarConfig mConfig;
    private boolean mStatusBarAvailable;
    private boolean mNavBarAvailable;
    private boolean mStatusBarTintEnabled;
    private boolean mNavBarTintEnabled;
    private View mStatusBarTintView;
    private View mNavBarTintView;

    /**
     * Constructor. Call this in the host activity onCreate method after its
     * content view has been set. You should always create new instances when
     * the host activity is recreated.
     *
     * @param activity The host activity.
     */
    @TargetApi(19)
    public SystemBarTintManager(Activity activity) {

        Window win = activity.getWindow();
        ViewGroup decorViewGroup = (ViewGroup) win.getDecorView();

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
            // check theme attrs
            int[] attrs = {android.R.attr.windowTranslucentStatus,
                    android.R.attr.windowTranslucentNavigation};
            TypedArray a = activity.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs);
            try {
                mStatusBarAvailable = a.getBoolean(0, false);
//                mNavBarAvailable = a.getBoolean(1, false);
            } finally {
                a.recycle();
            }

            // check window flags
            WindowManager.LayoutParams winParams = win.getAttributes();
            int bits = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS;
            if ((winParams.flags & bits) != 0) {
                mStatusBarAvailable = true;
            }
            bits = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION;
            if ((winParams.flags & bits) != 0) {
                mNavBarAvailable = true;
            }
        }

        mConfig = new SystemBarConfig(activity, mStatusBarAvailable, mNavBarAvailable);
        // device might not have virtual navigation keys
        if (!mConfig.hasNavigtionBar()) {
            mNavBarAvailable = false;
        }

        if (mStatusBarAvailable) {
            setupStatusBarView(activity, decorViewGroup);
        }
        if (mNavBarAvailable) {
            setupNavBarView(activity, decorViewGroup);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Enable tinting of the system status bar.
     * <p/>
     * If the platform is running Jelly Bean or earlier, or translucent system
     * UI modes have not been enabled in either the theme or via window flags,
     * then this method does nothing.
     *
     * @param enabled True to enable tinting, false to disable it (default).
     */
    public void setStatusBarTintEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        mStatusBarTintEnabled = enabled;
        if (mStatusBarAvailable) {
            mStatusBarTintView.setVisibility(enabled ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Enable tinting of the system navigation bar.
     * <p/>
     * If the platform does not have soft navigation keys, is running Jelly Bean
     * or earlier, or translucent system UI modes have not been enabled in either
     * the theme or via window flags, then this method does nothing.
     *
     * @param enabled True to enable tinting, false to disable it (default).
     */
    public void setNavigationBarTintEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        mNavBarTintEnabled = enabled;
        if (mNavBarAvailable) {
            mNavBarTintView.setVisibility(enabled ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified color tint to all system UI bars.
     *
     * @param color The color of the background tint.
     */
    public void setTintColor(int color) {
        setStatusBarTintColor(color);
        setNavigationBarTintColor(color);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified drawable or color resource to all system UI bars.
     *
     * @param res The identifier of the resource.
     */
    public void setTintResource(int res) {
        setStatusBarTintResource(res);
        setNavigationBarTintResource(res);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified drawable to all system UI bars.
     *
     * @param drawable The drawable to use as the background, or null to remove it.
     */
    public void setTintDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
        setStatusBarTintDrawable(drawable);
        setNavigationBarTintDrawable(drawable);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified alpha to all system UI bars.
     *
     * @param alpha The alpha to use
     */
    public void setTintAlpha(float alpha) {
        setStatusBarAlpha(alpha);
        setNavigationBarAlpha(alpha);
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified color tint to the system status bar.
     *
     * @param color The color of the background tint.
     */
    public void setStatusBarTintColor(int color) {
        if (mStatusBarAvailable) {
            mStatusBarTintView.setBackgroundColor(color);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified drawable or color resource to the system status bar.
     *
     * @param res The identifier of the resource.
     */
    public void setStatusBarTintResource(int res) {
        if (mStatusBarAvailable) {
            mStatusBarTintView.setBackgroundResource(res);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified drawable to the system status bar.
     *
     * @param drawable The drawable to use as the background, or null to remove it.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public void setStatusBarTintDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
        if (mStatusBarAvailable) {
            mStatusBarTintView.setBackgroundDrawable(drawable);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified alpha to the system status bar.
     *
     * @param alpha The alpha to use
     */
    @TargetApi(11)
    public void setStatusBarAlpha(float alpha) {
        if (mStatusBarAvailable && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
            mStatusBarTintView.setAlpha(alpha);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified color tint to the system navigation bar.
     *
     * @param color The color of the background tint.
     */
    public void setNavigationBarTintColor(int color) {
        if (mNavBarAvailable) {
            mNavBarTintView.setBackgroundColor(color);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified drawable or color resource to the system navigation bar.
     *
     * @param res The identifier of the resource.
     */
    public void setNavigationBarTintResource(int res) {
        if (mNavBarAvailable) {
            mNavBarTintView.setBackgroundResource(res);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified drawable to the system navigation bar.
     *
     * @param drawable The drawable to use as the background, or null to remove it.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public void setNavigationBarTintDrawable(Drawable drawable) {
        if (mNavBarAvailable) {
            mNavBarTintView.setBackgroundDrawable(drawable);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Apply the specified alpha to the system navigation bar.
     *
     * @param alpha The alpha to use
     */
    @TargetApi(11)
    public void setNavigationBarAlpha(float alpha) {
        if (mNavBarAvailable && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
            mNavBarTintView.setAlpha(alpha);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the system bar configuration.
     *
     * @return The system bar configuration for the current device configuration.
     */
    public SystemBarConfig getConfig() {
        return mConfig;
    }

    /**
     * Is tinting enabled for the system status bar?
     *
     * @return True if enabled, False otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isStatusBarTintEnabled() {
        return mStatusBarTintEnabled;
    }

    /**
     * Is tinting enabled for the system navigation bar?
     *
     * @return True if enabled, False otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isNavBarTintEnabled() {
        return mNavBarTintEnabled;
    }

    private void setupStatusBarView(Context context, ViewGroup decorViewGroup) {
        mStatusBarTintView = new View(context);
        FrameLayout.LayoutParams params = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, mConfig.getStatusBarHeight());
        params.gravity = Gravity.TOP;
        if (mNavBarAvailable && !mConfig.isNavigationAtBottom()) {
            params.rightMargin = mConfig.getNavigationBarWidth();
        }
        mStatusBarTintView.setLayoutParams(params);
        mStatusBarTintView.setBackgroundColor(DEFAULT_TINT_COLOR);
        mStatusBarTintView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        decorViewGroup.addView(mStatusBarTintView);
    }

    private void setupNavBarView(Context context, ViewGroup decorViewGroup) {
        mNavBarTintView = new View(context);
        FrameLayout.LayoutParams params;
        if (mConfig.isNavigationAtBottom()) {
            params = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, mConfig.getNavigationBarHeight());
            params.gravity = Gravity.BOTTOM;
        } else {
            params = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(mConfig.getNavigationBarWidth(), FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
            params.gravity = Gravity.RIGHT;
        }
        mNavBarTintView.setLayoutParams(params);
        mNavBarTintView.setBackgroundColor(DEFAULT_TINT_COLOR);
        mNavBarTintView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        decorViewGroup.addView(mNavBarTintView);
    }

    /**
     * Class which describes system bar sizing and other characteristics for the current
     * device configuration.
     */
    public static class SystemBarConfig {

        private static final String STATUS_BAR_HEIGHT_RES_NAME = "status_bar_height";
        private static final String NAV_BAR_HEIGHT_RES_NAME = "navigation_bar_height";
        private static final String NAV_BAR_HEIGHT_LANDSCAPE_RES_NAME = "navigation_bar_height_landscape";
        private static final String NAV_BAR_WIDTH_RES_NAME = "navigation_bar_width";
        private static final String SHOW_NAV_BAR_RES_NAME = "config_showNavigationBar";

        private final boolean mTranslucentStatusBar;
        private final boolean mTranslucentNavBar;
        private final int mStatusBarHeight;
        private final int mActionBarHeight;
        private final boolean mHasNavigationBar;
        private final int mNavigationBarHeight;
        private final int mNavigationBarWidth;
        private final boolean mInPortrait;
        private final float mSmallestWidthDp;

        private SystemBarConfig(Activity activity, boolean translucentStatusBar, boolean traslucentNavBar) {
            Resources res = activity.getResources();
            mInPortrait = (res.getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
            mSmallestWidthDp = getSmallestWidthDp(activity);
            mStatusBarHeight = getInternalDimensionSize(res, STATUS_BAR_HEIGHT_RES_NAME);
            mActionBarHeight = getActionBarHeight(activity);
            mNavigationBarHeight = getNavigationBarHeight(activity);
            mNavigationBarWidth = getNavigationBarWidth(activity);
            mHasNavigationBar = (mNavigationBarHeight > 0);
            mTranslucentStatusBar = translucentStatusBar;
            mTranslucentNavBar = traslucentNavBar;
        }

        @TargetApi(14)
        private int getActionBarHeight(Context context) {
            int result = 0;
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
                TypedValue tv = new TypedValue();
                context.getTheme().resolveAttribute(android.R.attr.actionBarSize, tv, true);
                result = TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(tv.data, context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
            }
            return result;
        }

        @TargetApi(14)
        private int getNavigationBarHeight(Context context) {
            Resources res = context.getResources();
            int result = 0;
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
                if (hasNavBar(context)) {
                    String key;
                    if (mInPortrait) {
                        key = NAV_BAR_HEIGHT_RES_NAME;
                    } else {
                        key = NAV_BAR_HEIGHT_LANDSCAPE_RES_NAME;
                    }
                    return getInternalDimensionSize(res, key);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        @TargetApi(14)
        private int getNavigationBarWidth(Context context) {
            Resources res = context.getResources();
            int result = 0;
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
                if (hasNavBar(context)) {
                    return getInternalDimensionSize(res, NAV_BAR_WIDTH_RES_NAME);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        @TargetApi(14)
        private boolean hasNavBar(Context context) {
            Resources res = context.getResources();
            int resourceId = res.getIdentifier(SHOW_NAV_BAR_RES_NAME, "bool", "android");
            if (resourceId != 0) {
                boolean hasNav = res.getBoolean(resourceId);
                // check override flag (see static block)
                if ("1".equals(sNavBarOverride)) {
                    hasNav = false;
                } else if ("0".equals(sNavBarOverride)) {
                    hasNav = true;
                }
                return hasNav;
            } else { // fallback
                return !ViewConfiguration.get(context).hasPermanentMenuKey();
            }
        }

        private int getInternalDimensionSize(Resources res, String key) {
            int result = 0;
            int resourceId = res.getIdentifier(key, "dimen", "android");
            if (resourceId > 0) {
                result = res.getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId);
            }
            return result;
        }

        @SuppressLint("NewApi")
        private float getSmallestWidthDp(Activity activity) {
            DisplayMetrics metrics = new DisplayMetrics();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
                activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRealMetrics(metrics);
            } else {
                // TODO this is not correct, but we don't really care pre-kitkat
                activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(metrics);
            }
            float widthDp = metrics.widthPixels / metrics.density;
            float heightDp = metrics.heightPixels / metrics.density;
            return Math.min(widthDp, heightDp);
        }

        /**
         * Should a navigation bar appear at the bottom of the screen in the current
         * device configuration? A navigation bar may appear on the right side of
         * the screen in certain configurations.
         *
         * @return True if navigation should appear at the bottom of the screen, False otherwise.
         */
        public boolean isNavigationAtBottom() {
            return (mSmallestWidthDp >= 600 || mInPortrait);
        }

        /**
         * Get the height of the system status bar.
         *
         * @return The height of the status bar (in pixels).
         */
        public int getStatusBarHeight() {
            return mStatusBarHeight;
        }

        /**
         * Get the height of the action bar.
         *
         * @return The height of the action bar (in pixels).
         */
        public int getActionBarHeight() {
            return mActionBarHeight;
        }

        /**
         * Does this device have a system navigation bar?
         *
         * @return True if this device uses soft key navigation, False otherwise.
         */
        public boolean hasNavigtionBar() {
            return mHasNavigationBar;
        }

        /**
         * Get the height of the system navigation bar.
         *
         * @return The height of the navigation bar (in pixels). If the device does not have
         * soft navigation keys, this will always return 0.
         */
        public int getNavigationBarHeight() {
            return mNavigationBarHeight;
        }

        /**
         * Get the width of the system navigation bar when it is placed vertically on the screen.
         *
         * @return The nbsp;width of the navigation bar (in pixels). If the device does not have
         * soft navigation keys, this will always return 0.
         */
        public int getNavigationBarWidth() {
            return mNavigationBarWidth;
        }

        /**
         * Get the layout inset for any system UI that appears at the top of the screen.
         *
         * @param withActionBar True to include the height of the action bar, False otherwise.
         * @return The layout inset (in pixels).
         */
        public int getPixelInsetTop(boolean withActionBar) {
            return (mTranslucentStatusBar ? mStatusBarHeight : 0) + (withActionBar ? mActionBarHeight : 0);
        }

        /**
         * Get the layout inset for any system UI that appears at the bottom of the screen.
         *
         * @return The layout inset (in pixels).
         */
        public int getPixelInsetBottom() {
            if (mTranslucentNavBar && isNavigationAtBottom()) {
                return mNavigationBarHeight;
            } else {
                return 0;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Get the layout inset for any system UI that appears at the right of the screen.
         *
         * @return The layout inset (in pixels).
         */
        public int getPixelInsetRight() {
            if (mTranslucentNavBar && !isNavigationAtBottom()) {
                return mNavigationBarWidth;
            } else {
                return 0;
            }
        }

    }

}

你不用管这些代码是什么意思，就全当这是一个第三方jar包好了。
第三步，带大家进入干货。
把以下代码粘到你要写沉浸式布局的activity里。

 /*
    * 沉浸式布局
    */
    @TargetApi(19)
    private void setTranslucentStatus(boolean on) {
        Window win = getWindow();
        WindowManager.LayoutParams winParams = win.getAttributes();
        final int bits = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS;
        if (on) {
            winParams.flags |= bits;
        } else {
            winParams.flags &= ~bits;
        }
        win.setAttributes(winParams);
    }

第四步，也是最后一步
把下面代码粘进activity的onCreate方法里

 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
            setTranslucentStatus(true);
            SystemBarTintManager tintManager = new SystemBarTintManager(this);
            tintManager.setStatusBarTintEnabled(true);
            tintManager.setStatusBarTintResource(color);//状态栏所需颜色
        }

将里面的color换成你想让状态栏变成的颜色。一般都是和标题栏一个颜色。
到此为止大功告成。

---

---

基础功能实现后给大家发放一波福利彩蛋。

彩蛋一：大家在集成完之后有没有发现一个问题，在每个acticity中都写一遍沉浸式布局的代码不符合代码优化的规格显得很low。所以我建议大家讲代码写在activity的基类里。如果你的项目没有基类这个就不用看了。（你老板不打你真是脾气好）
一二步骤不变，第三步同上
将以下代码粘到基类里

 /*
    * 沉浸式布局
    */
    @TargetApi(19)
    private void setTranslucentStatus(boolean on) {
        Window win = getWindow();
        WindowManager.LayoutParams winParams = win.getAttributes();
        final int bits = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS;
        if (on) {
            winParams.flags |= bits;
        } else {
            winParams.flags &= ~bits;
        }
        win.setAttributes(winParams);
    }

第四步代码不同的是粘入基类之后，在上方多加了一句获取状态栏颜色的方法，同样是写在基类的onCreate方法里。

        int color = setColor();//获取状态栏颜色的方法
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
            setTranslucentStatus(true);
            SystemBarTintManager tintManager = new SystemBarTintManager(this);
            tintManager.setStatusBarTintEnabled(true);
            tintManager.setStatusBarTintResource(color);//状态栏所需颜色
        }

第五步当然就是写这个设置颜色的方法，方法写在哪大家应该都知道。

public abstract int setColor();

建议大家把他写成一个抽象方法，这样这项目继承基类的时候就会必须重写这个方法这样不会忘记设置状态栏的颜色，
继承基类的项目继承的方法是

@Override
    public int setColor() {
        return R.color.cpb_blue;//return 后面加你想换的状态栏颜色
    }

这样你只要在继承基类的项目里设置一下状态栏颜色就好了
彩蛋二：一步继承沉浸式布局。
在比较简单的项目中是可以一步继承沉浸式布局的，要多简单呢？
只要你的项目里状态栏都需要换成同一种颜色而不是每个页面的状态栏都是不同颜色的就可以使用下面这种方法。
在values文件夹下colors文件里将下面代码中的颜色都换成你想要的颜色。

    <color name="colorPrimary">#3F51B5</color>
    <color name="colorPrimaryDark">#3F51B5</color>
    <color name="colorAccent">#3F51B5</color>

一分钟搞定。