1、JavaScript之扩展、密封以及冻结对象
https://blog.csdn.net/u010297791/article/details/60479059
2、new Object和Object.create
https://www.cnblogs.com/94pm/p/9113434.html
3、call和apply
http://www.runoob.com/js/js-function-invocation.html
4、js中的constructor和prototype