Java提供的原子类是靠CAS+volatile 实现的,CAS 是一种乐观锁。
源码分析(以AtomicInteger为例)
private volatile int value;
//递增加detla
public final int getAndAdd(int delta) {
//三个参数,1、当前的实例 2、value实例变量的偏移量 3、当前value要加上的数(value+delta)。
return unsafe.getAndAddInt(this, valueOffset, delta);
}
//递增加1
public final int incrementAndGet() {
return unsafe.getAndAddInt(this, valueOffset, 1) + 1;
}
Unsafe源码解析
下面分析下Unsafe 类中的实现。代码反编译出来的。
public final int getAndAddInt(Object paramObject, long paramLong, int paramInt)
{
int i;
do
i = getIntVolatile(paramObject, paramLong);
while (!compareAndSwapInt(paramObject, paramLong, i, i + paramInt));
return i;
}
public final long getAndAddLong(Object paramObject, long paramLong1, long paramLong2)
{
long l;
do
l = getLongVolatile(paramObject, paramLong1);
while (!compareAndSwapLong(paramObject, paramLong1, l, l + paramLong2));
return l;
}
public final int getAndSetInt(Object paramObject, long paramLong, int paramInt)
{
int i;
do
i = getIntVolatile(paramObject, paramLong);
while (!compareAndSwapInt(paramObject, paramLong, i, paramInt));
return i;
}
public final long getAndSetLong(Object paramObject, long paramLong1, long paramLong2)
{
long l;
do
l = getLongVolatile(paramObject, paramLong1);
while (!compareAndSwapLong(paramObject, paramLong1, l, paramLong2));
return l;
}
public final Object getAndSetObject(Object paramObject1, long paramLong, Object paramObject2)
{
Object localObject;
do
localObject = getObjectVolatile(paramObject1, paramLong);
while (!compareAndSwapObject(paramObject1, paramLong, localObject, paramObject2));
return localObject;
}
内部使用自旋的方式进行CAS更新(while循环进行CAS更新,如果更新失败,则循环再次重试)
从Unsafe类中发现,原子操作其实只支持下面三个方法。
public final native boolean compareAndSwapObject(Object paramObject1, long paramLong, Object paramObject2, Object paramObject3);
public final native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object paramObject, long paramLong, int paramInt1, int paramInt2);
public final native boolean compareAndSwapLong(Object paramObject, long paramLong1, long paramLong2, long paramLong3);
我们发现Unsafe只提供了3种CAS方法:compareAndSwapObject、compareAndSwapInt和compareAndSwapLong。都是native方法。
AtomicBoolean 源码解析
public class AtomicBoolean implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
private static final long valueOffset;
static {
try {
valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
(AtomicBoolean.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
} catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
}
private volatile int value;
public AtomicBoolean(boolean initialValue) {
value = initialValue ? 1 : 0;
}
public final boolean compareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {
int e = expect ? 1 : 0;
int u = update ? 1 : 0;
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);
}
...
}
从AtomicBoolean源码,发现他底层也是使用volatile类型的int 变量,跟AtomicInteger 实现方式一样,只不过是把Boolean转换成 0和1进行操作。
所以原子更新char、float和double变量也可以转换成int 或long来实现CAS的操作。
原文:
https://www.jianshu.com/p/a533cbb740c6