C++设计模式--3."对象创建"模式

1."对象创建"模式

通过"对象创建"模式绕开new ,来避免对象创建(new)过程中所导致的紧耦合(依赖具体类)，从而支持对象的稳定。它是接口抽象之后的第一步工作。

典型模式：

• Factory Method
• Abstract Factory
• Prototype
• Builder

2.Factory Method

在软件系统中，经常面临着创建对象的工作。由于需求的变化，需要创建的对象的具体类型经常变化。

如何应对这种变化？如何绕过常规的对象创建方法(new)，提供一种"封装机制"来避免客户程序和这种"具体对象创建工作"的紧耦合？

class ISplitter{
public:
    virtual void split()=0;
    virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};

class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter{
    
};

class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};


class MainForm : public Form
{
	TextBox* txtFilePath;
	TextBox* txtFileNumber;
	ProgressBar* progressBar;

public:
	void Button1_Click(){        
		ISplitter * splitter=
            new BinarySplitter();//依赖具体类
        
        splitter->split();

	}
};

//具体类
class BinarySplitter : public ISplitter{
    
};

class TxtSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class PictureSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

class VideoSplitter: public ISplitter{
    
};

//具体工厂
class BinarySplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new BinarySplitter();
    }
};

class TxtSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new TxtSplitter();
    }
};

class PictureSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new PictureSplitter();
    }
};

class VideoSplitterFactory: public SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter(){
        return new VideoSplitter();
    }
};


//抽象类
class ISplitter{
public:
    virtual void split()=0;
    virtual ~ISplitter(){}
};


//工厂基类
class SplitterFactory{
public:
    virtual ISplitter* CreateSplitter()=0;
    virtual ~SplitterFactory(){}
};


class MainForm : public Form
{
    SplitterFactory*  factory;//工厂

public:
    
    MainForm(SplitterFactory*  factory){
        this->factory=factory;
    }
    
    void Button1_Click(){

        
        ISplitter * splitter=
            factory->CreateSplitter(); //多态new
        
        splitter->split();

    }
};

MainForm m=new MainForm(new BinarySplitterFactory);

3.Abstract Factory 抽象工厂

在软件系统中，经常面临着"一系列相互依赖的对象"的创建工作，同时，由于需求的变化，往往存在着更多系列对象的创建工作。

如何应对这种变化？如何绕过常规的对象创建方法(new)，提供一种"封装机制"来避免客户程序和这种"多系列具体对象创建工作"的紧耦合？

original

class EmployeeDAO{    
public:
    vector<EmployeeDO> GetEmployees(){
        SqlConnection* connection =
            new SqlConnection();
        connection->ConnectionString = "...";

        SqlCommand* command =
            new SqlCommand();
        command->CommandText="...";
        command->SetConnection(connection);

        SqlDataReader* reader = command->ExecuteReader();
        while (reader->Read()){
        }
    }
};

factory method

//数据库访问有关的基类
class IDBConnection{
    
};
class IDBConnectionFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBConnection* CreateDBConnection()=0;
};


class IDBCommand{
    
};
class IDBCommandFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBCommand* CreateDBCommand()=0;
};


class IDataReader{
    
};
class IDataReaderFactory{
public:
    virtual IDataReader* CreateDataReader()=0;
};


//支持SQL Server
class SqlConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};
class SqlConnectionFactory:public IDBConnectionFactory{
    
};


class SqlCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};
class SqlCommandFactory:public IDBCommandFactory{
    
};


class SqlDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};
class SqlDataReaderFactory:public IDataReaderFactory{
    
};

//支持Oracle
class OracleConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};

class OracleCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};

class OracleDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};



class EmployeeDAO{
    IDBConnectionFactory* dbConnectionFactory;
    IDBCommandFactory* dbCommandFactory;
    IDataReaderFactory* dataReaderFactory;
    
    
public:
    vector<EmployeeDO> GetEmployees(){
        IDBConnection* connection =
            dbConnectionFactory->CreateDBConnection();
        connection->ConnectionString("...");

        IDBCommand* command =
            dbCommandFactory->CreateDBCommand();
        command->CommandText("...");
        command->SetConnection(connection); //关联性

        IDBDataReader* reader = command->ExecuteReader(); //关联性
        while (reader->Read()){

        }

    }
};

abstract factory

//数据库访问有关的基类
class IDBConnection{
    
};

class IDBCommand{
    
};

class IDataReader{
    
};


class IDBFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBConnection* CreateDBConnection()=0;
    virtual IDBCommand* CreateDBCommand()=0;
    virtual IDataReader* CreateDataReader()=0;
    
};


//支持SQL Server
class SqlConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};
class SqlCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};
class SqlDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};


class SqlDBFactory:public IDBFactory{
public:
    virtual IDBConnection* CreateDBConnection()=0;
    virtual IDBCommand* CreateDBCommand()=0;
    virtual IDataReader* CreateDataReader()=0;
 
};

//支持Oracle
class OracleConnection: public IDBConnection{
    
};

class OracleCommand: public IDBCommand{
    
};

class OracleDataReader: public IDataReader{
    
};



class EmployeeDAO{
    IDBFactory* dbFactory;
    
public:
    vector<EmployeeDO> GetEmployees(){
        IDBConnection* connection =
            dbFactory->CreateDBConnection();
        connection->ConnectionString("...");

        IDBCommand* command =
            dbFactory->CreateDBCommand();
        command->CommandText("...");
        command->SetConnection(connection); //关联性

        IDBDataReader* reader = command->ExecuteReader(); //关联性
        while (reader->Read()){

        }

    }
};