2024-01-31 银河麒麟V10 开启FTP

背景

银河麒麟服务器会有文件导入导出的需要，由于环境原因主机上没有USB接口，需要使用以太网完成，因此准备在服务器中安装ftp服务，让导入导出设备使用ftp客户端连接服务器做文件导入导出操作。

安装

ftp服务是需要单独安装的，如果没有的话。首先使用命令查看服务器中是否已经安装了ftp

rpm -qa | grep ftp

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通过命令查看此主机中已经安装了vsftpd。ftp是一种协议，基于此协议的软件有很多，其中vdftpd是其中的一种，既然主机中已经安装了，那我们就用这一个，省的再去找安装包。

ftp默认端口是21，使用命令查看此端口是否已经开启，如果开启了说明ftp是启动的就可以直接连接了

lsof -i :21

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通过查看主机中端口21是没有开启的，也就时ftp服务没有启动，使用命令查看服务状态

systemctl status vsftpd

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通过查看主机中vsftpd服务是没有运行的，并且启动参数是disable，也就是不开机启动。我们使用命令启动ftp服务，并且设置为开机启动

systemctl start vsftpd

systemctl enable vsftpd

systemctl status vsftpd

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看到ftp服务已经启动，并且设置为开机启动，重启主机在查看ftp服务状态和21端口状态

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看到21端口已经被vsftpd进程占用，说明ftp服务器开机启动成功

使用

ftp服务开启后，可以在客户机上使用ftp客户端工具进行连接

客户端使用ftp连接上主机后，可以看到主机的文件系统，并且通过工具可以进行文件导入导出操作。

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问题

服务器中开启ftp服务后，直接连接ftp服务会有一些错误，没有权限。这跟ftp服务配置有关，ftp配置是有规则的，比如允许/不允许xxx用户连接，允许/不允许xxx用户读写等。

vsftpd配置文件在/etc/vsftpd目录中，其中ftpusers文件是不允许连接的用户，可以看到里面第一个就是root，表示不允许root用户连接，我们把root用户注释掉。user_list文件是允许连接的用户，里面有root，表示允许root用户连接，如果没有就加上。我们看2个文件都有root，说明黑名单的权限高一些。vsftpd.conf就是ftp服务的配置文件，基本都是默认参数，但是不修改是不行的，需要进行一些修改，下面贴图中标注了要修改的位置和描述，有的配置是本身没有的，需要自己加上。

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# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
# #允许匿名用户登录FTP
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#打开匿名用户的上传权限
#anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#打开匿名用户创建目录的权限
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#打开匿名用户删除和重命名的权限
anon_other_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
#允许任何人访问
userlist_deny=no
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list

关于此问题有的说是要在/etc/pam.d/vsftpd文件中注释掉关于auth的配置，笔者试了没有效果。这个文件不需要改动。

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完成上述操作重启主机后再连接ftp就可以进行文件上传和下载。 还有就是笔者使用一个银河麒麟V10桌面版电脑使用ftp客户端连接，上传可以正常完成，下载时总是错误。这个不是ftp服务没有配置好，是因为客户端系统是普通用户登录的，在很多目录没有权限，进入该用户的文件目录时就可以下载。其实时客户端本身的写权限没有。