Spring Data Jpa笔记

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-11 17:16:42 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-11 17:16:42 发布

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Spring Data Jpa 简介

什么么是JPA？

全称Java Persistence API，可以通过注解或者XML描述【对象-关系表】之间的映射关系，并将实体对象持久化到数据库中。

JPA仅仅是一种规范，也就是说JPA仅仅定义了一些接口，而接口是需要实现才能工作的。所以底层需要某种实现，而Hibernate就是实现了JPA接口的ORM框架。

也就是说：JPA是一套ORM规范，Hibernate实现了JPA规范

什么是spring data jpa？

spirng data jpa是spring提供的一套简化JPA开发的框架，按照约定好的【方法命名规则】写dao层接口，就可以在不写接口实现的情况下，实现对数据库的访问和操作。同时提供了很多除了CRUD之外的功能，如分页、排序、复杂查询等等。

Spring Data JPA 可以理解为 JPA 规范的再次封装抽象，底层还是使用了 Hibernate 的 JPA 技术实现

SpringDataJPA 的技术特点：我们只需要定义接口并集成 Spring DataJPA 中所提供的接口就可以了。不需要编写接口实现类。

什么是spring data？

Spring Data是一个开源框架，在这个框架中Spring Data JPA 只是这个框架中的一个模块，所以名字才叫Spring Data JPA。如果单独使用JPA开发，你会发现和使用JDBC开发一样很繁琐。所以Spring Data JPA 的出现就是为了简化JPA的写法，让你只需要编写一个接口继承一个类就能实现CRUD操作了。

spring data jpa接口继承结构

Repository接口

Repository 接口是 SpringDataJPA 中为我我们提供的所有接口中的顶层接口 Repository 提供了两种查询方式的支持

1）基于方法名称命名规则查询

2）基于@Query 注解查询

1 方法名称命名规则查询
规则：findBy(关键字)+属性名称(属性名称的首字母大写)+查询条件(首字母大写)

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
And	findByLastnameAndFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2
Or	findByLastnameOrFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2
Is,Equals	findByFirstname,findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals	… where x.firstname = ?1
Between	findByStartDateBetween	… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2
LessThan	findByAgeLessThan	… where x.age < ?1
LessThanEqual	findByAgeLessThanEqual	… where x.age <= ?1
GreaterThan	findByAgeGreaterThan	… where x.age > ?1
GreaterThanEqual	findByAgeGreaterThanEqual	… where x.age >= ?1
After	findByStartDateAfter	… where x.startDate > ?1
Before	findByStartDateBefore	… where x.startDate < ?1
IsNull	findByAgeIsNull	… where x.age is null
IsNotNull,NotNull	findByAge(Is)NotNull	… where x.age not null
Like	findByFirstnameLike	… where x.firstname like ?1
NotLike	findByFirstnameNotLike	... findByFirstnameNotLike
StartingWith	findByFirstnameStartingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %)
EndingWith	findByFirstnameEndingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %)
Containing	findByFirstnameContaining	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %)
OrderBy	findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc	… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not	findByLastnameNot	… where x.lastname <> ?1
In	findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages)	… where x.age in ?1
NotIn	findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> ages)	… where x.age not in ?1
True	findByActiveTrue()	… where x.active = true
False	findByActiveFalse()	… where x.active = false
IgnoreCase	findByFirstnameIgnoreCase	… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)

1.1创建接口

@Entity
@Table(name="t_users")
public class Users implements Serializable{

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)//strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY 自增长
	@Column(name="userid")
	private Integer userid;
	
	@Column(name="username")
	private String username;
	
	@Column(name="userage")
	private Integer userage;

	public Integer getUserid() {
		return userid;
	}

	public void setUserid(Integer userid) {
		this.userid = userid;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public Integer getUserage() {
		return userage;
	}

	public void setUserage(Integer userage) {
		this.userage = userage;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Users [userid=" + userid + ", username=" + username + ", userage=" + userage + "]";
	}
	
}

/**
 * Repository接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UsersDao extends Repository<Users, Integer> {
	
	List<Users> findByUsernameIs(String string);
	List<Users> findByUsernameLike(String string);
	List<Users> findByUsernameAndUserageGreaterThanEqual(String name,Integer age);
}

1.2测试类

/**
 * Repository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 需求：使用用户名作为查询条件
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		/**
		 * 判断相等的条件，有三种表示方式
		 * 1,什么都不写，默认的就是做相等判断
		 * 2,Is
		 * 3,Equal
		 */
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findByUsernameIs("王五");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：根据用户姓名做Like处理
	 * Like:条件关键字
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findByUsernameLike("王%");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：查询名称为王五，并且他的年龄大于等于22岁
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findByUsernameAndUserageGreaterThanEqual("王五", 22);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
}

2 基于@Query 注解的查询

JPQL：通过 Hibernate 的 HQL 演变过来的。他和 HQL 语法及其相似

2.1创建接口

/**
 * Repository接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UsersDao extends Repository<Users, Integer> {
	//方法名称命名规则
	List<Users> findByUsernameIs(String string);
	List<Users> findByUsernameLike(String string);
	List<Users> findByUsernameAndUserageGreaterThanEqual(String name,Integer age);
	
	//使用@Query注解查询
	@Query(value="from Users where username = ?")
	List<Users> queryUserByNameUseJPQL(String name);
	
	@Query("from Users where username like ?")
	List<Users> queryUserByLikeNameUseJPQL(String name);
	
	@Query("from Users where username = ? and userage >= ?")
	List<Users> queryUserByNameAndAge(String name,Integer age);
	
	//使用@Query注解查询SQL
	//nativeQuery:默认的是false.表示不开启sql查询。是否对value中的语句做转义。
	@Query(value="select * from t_users where username = ?",nativeQuery=true)
	List<Users> queryUserByNameUseSQL(String name);

	@Query(value="select * from t_users where username like ?",nativeQuery=true)
	List<Users> queryUserByLikeNameUseSQL(String name);
	
	@Query(value="select * from t_users where username = ? and userage >= ?",nativeQuery=true)
	List<Users> queryUserByNameAndAgeUseSQL(String name,Integer age);
	
	@Query("update Users set userage = ? where userid = ?")
	@Modifying //@Modifying当前语句是一个更新语句
	void updateUserAgeById(Integer age,Integer id);
	
}

2.2测试类

/**
 * Repository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 需求：使用用户名作为查询条件
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		/**
		 * 判断相等的条件，有三种表示方式
		 * 1,什么都不写，默认的就是做相等判断
		 * 2,Is
		 * 3,Equal
		 */
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findByUsernameIs("王五");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：根据用户姓名做Like处理
	 * Like:条件关键字
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findByUsernameLike("王%");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：查询名称为王五，并且他的年龄大于等于22岁
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findByUsernameAndUserageGreaterThanEqual("王五", 22);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query查询 JPQL
	 */
	@Test
	public void test4(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.queryUserByNameUseJPQL("王五");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query查询 JPQL
	 */
	@Test
	public void test5(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.queryUserByLikeNameUseJPQL("王%");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query查询 JPQL
	 */
	@Test
	public void test6(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.queryUserByNameAndAge("王五", 22);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query查询 SQL
	 */
	@Test
	public void test7(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.queryUserByNameUseSQL("王五");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query查询 SQL
	 */
	@Test
	public void test8(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.queryUserByLikeNameUseSQL("王%");
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query查询 SQL
	 */
	@Test
	public void test9(){
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.queryUserByNameAndAgeUseSQL("王五", 22);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试@Query update
	 */
	@Test
	@Transactional
	@Rollback(false)
	public void test10(){
		this.usersDao.updateUserAgeById(24, 5);
	}
}

CrudRepository 接口
1 创建接口

/**
 * CrudRepository接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UsersDao extends CrudRepository<Users, Integer> {
	
}

2 测试代码

/**
 * CrudRepository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 添加单条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		Users user = new Users();
		user.setUserage(21);
		user.setUsername("赵小丽");
		this.usersDao.save(user);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 批量添加数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		Users user = new Users();
		user.setUserage(21);
		user.setUsername("赵小丽");
		
		Users user1 = new Users();
		user1.setUserage(25);
		user1.setUsername("王小虎");
		
		List<Users> list= new ArrayList<>();
		list.add(user);
		list.add(user1);
		
		this.usersDao.save(list);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据ID查询单条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3(){
		Users users = this.usersDao.findOne(13);
		System.out.println(users);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查询全部数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test4(){
		List<Users> list = (List<Users>)this.usersDao.findAll();
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 删除数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test5(){
		this.usersDao.delete(13);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 更新数据 方式一
	 */
	@Test
	public void test6(){
		Users user = this.usersDao.findOne(12);
		user.setUsername("王小红");
		this.usersDao.save(user);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 更新数据 方式二
	 */
	@Test
	@Transactional
	@Rollback(false)
	public void test7(){
		Users user = this.usersDao.findOne(12);//持久化状态的
		user.setUsername("王小小");
	}
}

PagingAndSortingRepository 接口

1、创建接口

/**
 * PagingAndSortingRepository接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UsersDao extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Users, Integer>{
	
}

2、测试代码

/**
 * CrudRepository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		int page = 2; //page:当前页的索引。注意索引都是从0开始的。
		int size = 3;// size:每页显示3条数据
		Pageable pageable= new PageRequest(page, size);
		Page<Users> p = this.usersDao.findAll(pageable);
		System.out.println("数据的总条数："+p.getTotalElements());
		System.out.println("总页数："+p.getTotalPages());
		List<Users> list = p.getContent();
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 对单列做排序处理
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		//Sort:该对象封装了排序规则以及指定的排序字段(对象的属性来表示)
		//direction:排序规则
		//properties:指定做排序的属性
		Sort sort = new Sort(Direction.DESC,"userid");
		List<Users> list = (List<Users>)this.usersDao.findAll(sort);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 多列的排序处理
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3(){
		//Sort:该对象封装了排序规则以及指定的排序字段(对象的属性来表示)
		//direction:排序规则
		//properties:指定做排序的属性
		Order order1 = new Order(Direction.DESC,"userage");
		Order order2 = new Order(Direction.ASC,"username");
		Sort sort = new Sort(order1,order2);
		List<Users> list = (List<Users>)this.usersDao.findAll(sort);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
}

JpaRepository 接口

JpaRepository 接口是我们开发时使用的最多的接口。其特点是可以帮助我们将其他接口的方法的返回值做适配处理。可以使得我们在开发时更方便的使用这些方法。

1 创建接口

/**
 * JpaRepository接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UsersDao extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer>{
	
}

2 测试代码

/**
 * JpaRepository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 查询全部数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		List<Users> list  = this.usersDao.findAll();
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
}

JpaSpecificationExecutor 接口
完成多条件查询，并且支持分页与排序

1、创建接口

/**
 * JpaSpecificationExecutor接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 *注意：JpaSpecificationExecutor<Users>:不能单独使用，需要配合着jpa中的其他接口一起使用
 */
public interface UsersDao extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Users>{
	
}

2、测试代码

/**
 * JpaRepository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 需求：根据用户姓名查询数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		Specification<Users> spec = new Specification<Users>() {

			/**
			 * @return Predicate:定义了查询条件
			 * @param Root<Users> root:根对象。封装了查询条件的对象
			 * @param CriteriaQuery<?> query:定义了一个基本的查询。一般不使用
			 * @param CriteriaBuilder cb:创建一个查询条件
			 */
			@Override
			public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
				Predicate pre = cb.equal(root.get("username"), "王五");
				return pre;
			}
		};
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findAll(spec);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 多条件查询 方式一
	 * 需求：使用用户姓名以及年龄查询数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		Specification<Users> spec = new Specification<Users>() {

			@Override
			public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
				List<Predicate> list = new ArrayList<>();
				list.add(cb.equal(root.get("username"),"王五"));
				list.add(cb.equal(root.get("userage"),24));
				//此时条件之间是没有任何关系的。
				Predicate[] arr = new Predicate[list.size()];
				return cb.and(list.toArray(arr));
			}
			
		};
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findAll(spec);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 多条件查询 方式二
	 * 需求：使用用户姓名或者年龄查询数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3(){
		Specification<Users> spec = new Specification<Users>() {

			@Override
			public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
				return cb.or(cb.equal(root.get("username"),"王五"),cb.equal(root.get("userage"), 25));
			}
			
		};
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findAll(spec);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：查询王姓用户，并且做分页处理
	 */
	@Test
	public void test4(){
		//条件
		Specification<Users> spec = new Specification<Users>() {

			@Override
			public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
				return cb.like(root.get("username").as(String.class), "王%");
			}
			
		};
		
		//分页
		Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(2, 2);
		Page<Users> page = this.usersDao.findAll(spec, pageable);
		System.out.println("总条数："+page.getTotalElements());
		System.out.println("总页数："+page.getTotalPages());
		List<Users> list = page.getContent();
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：查询数据库中王姓的用户，并且根据用户id做倒序排序
	 */
	@Test
	public void test5(){
		//条件
		Specification<Users> spec = new Specification<Users>() {

			@Override
			public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
				return cb.like(root.get("username").as(String.class), "王%");
			}
			
		};
		//排序
		Sort sort = new Sort(Direction.DESC,"userid");
		List<Users> list = this.usersDao.findAll(spec, sort);
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 需求：查询数据库中王姓的用户，做分页处理，并且根据用户id做倒序排序
	 */
	@Test
	public void test6(){
		//排序等定义
		Sort sort = new Sort(Direction.DESC,"userid");
		//分页的定义
		Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(2,2, sort);
		
		//查询条件
		Specification<Users> spec = new Specification<Users>() {

			@Override
			public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Users> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
				return cb.like(root.get("username").as(String.class), "王%");
			}
			
		};
		Page<Users> page = this.usersDao.findAll(spec, pageable);
		System.out.println("总条数："+page.getTotalElements());
		System.out.println("总页数："+page.getTotalPages());
		List<Users> list = page.getContent();
		for (Users users : list) {
			System.out.println(users);
		}
	}
	
}

自定义 Repository 接口

1 创建接口

public interface UsersRepository {

	public Users findUserById(Integer userid);
}

2 使用接口

/**
 * 用户自定义Repository接口讲解
 * @author Administrator
 */
public interface UsersDao extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Users>,UsersRepository{
	
}

3 创建接口实现类

public class UsersDaoImpl implements UsersRepository {

	@PersistenceContext(name="entityManagerFactory")
	private EntityManager em;
	
	@Override
	public Users findUserById(Integer userid) {
		System.out.println("MyRepository......");
		return this.em.find(Users.class, userid);
	}

}

4 编写测试代码

/**
 * JpaRepository接口测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class RepositoryTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 需求：根据用户ID查询数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		Users users = this.usersDao.findUserById(5);
		System.out.println(users);
	}
}

关联映射操作

1 、一对一的关联关系

1.1创建 Users 实体

@Entity
@Table(name="t_users")
public class Users implements Serializable{

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)//strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY 自增长
	@Column(name="userid")
	private Integer userid;
	
	@Column(name="username")
	private String username;
	
	@Column(name="userage")
	private Integer userage;
	
	public Roles getRoles() {
		return roles;
	}

	public void setRoles(Roles roles) {
		this.roles = roles;
	}

	@OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST)
	//@JoinColumn：就是维护一个外键
	@JoinColumn(name="roles_id")
	private Roles roles;

	public Integer getUserid() {
		return userid;
	}

	public void setUserid(Integer userid) {
		this.userid = userid;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public Integer getUserage() {
		return userage;
	}

	public void setUserage(Integer userage) {
		this.userage = userage;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Users [userid=" + userid + ", username=" + username + ", userage=" + userage + "]";
	}
	
}

1.2创建 Roles 实体

@Entity
@Table(name="t_roles")
public class Roles {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="roleid")
	private Integer roleid;
	
	@Column(name="rolename")
	private String rolename;
	
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="roles")
	private Users users;
	
	public Users getUsers() {
		return users;
	}

	public void setUsers(Users users) {
		this.users = users;
	}

	public Integer getRoleid() {
		return roleid;
	}

	public void setRoleid(Integer roleid) {
		this.roleid = roleid;
	}

	public String getRolename() {
		return rolename;
	}

	public void setRolename(String rolename) {
		this.rolename = rolename;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Roles [roleid=" + roleid + ", rolename=" + rolename + "]";
	}

	
	
}

1.3一对一关联关系操作

/**
 * 一对一关联关系测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class OneToOneTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	/**
	 * 添加用户同时添加角色
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		//创建角色
		Roles roles = new Roles();
		roles.setRolename("管理员");
		
		//创建用户
		Users users = new Users();
		users.setUserage(30);
		users.setUsername("赵小刚");
		
		//建立关系
		users.setRoles(roles);
		roles.setUsers(users);
		
		//保存数据
		this.usersDao.save(users);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据用户ID查询用户，同时查询用户角色
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		Users users = this.usersDao.findOne(13);
		System.out.println("用户信息："+users);
		Roles roles = users.getRoles();
		System.out.println(roles);
	}
}

2 、一对多的关联关系

2.1创建 Users 实体

@Entity
@Table(name="t_users")
public class Users implements Serializable{

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)//strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY 自增长
	@Column(name="userid")
	private Integer userid;
	
	@Column(name="username")
	private String username;
	
	@Column(name="userage")
	private Integer userage;
	
	@ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST)
	@JoinColumn(name="roles_id")
	private Roles roles;


	public Roles getRoles() {
		return roles;
	}

	public void setRoles(Roles roles) {
		this.roles = roles;
	}

	public Integer getUserid() {
		return userid;
	}

	public void setUserid(Integer userid) {
		this.userid = userid;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public Integer getUserage() {
		return userage;
	}

	public void setUserage(Integer userage) {
		this.userage = userage;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Users [userid=" + userid + ", username=" + username + ", userage=" + userage + "]";
	}
	
}

2.2创建 Roles 实体

@Entity
@Table(name="t_roles")
public class Roles {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="roleid")
	private Integer roleid;
	
	@Column(name="rolename")
	private String rolename;
	
	@OneToMany(mappedBy="roles")
	private Set<Users> users = new HashSet<>();
	
	public Set<Users> getUsers() {
		return users;
	}

	public void setUsers(Set<Users> users) {
		this.users = users;
	}

	public Integer getRoleid() {
		return roleid;
	}

	public void setRoleid(Integer roleid) {
		this.roleid = roleid;
	}

	public String getRolename() {
		return rolename;
	}

	public void setRolename(String rolename) {
		this.rolename = rolename;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Roles [roleid=" + roleid + ", rolename=" + rolename + "]";
	}

	
	
}

2.3 一对多的关联关系操作

/**
 * 一对多的关联关系测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class OneToManyTest {

	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;
	
	
	/**
	 * 添加用户同时添加角色
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		//创建角色
		Roles roles = new Roles();
		roles.setRolename("管理员");
		//创建用户
		Users users =new Users();
		users.setUserage(30);
		users.setUsername("小王");
		//建立关系
		roles.getUsers().add(users);
		users.setRoles(roles);
		//保存数据
		this.usersDao.save(users);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 根据用户ID查询用户信息，同时查询角色
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		Users users = this.usersDao.findOne(14);
		System.out.println("用户姓名："+users.getUsername());
		Roles roles = users.getRoles();
		System.out.println(roles);
	}
}

3 多对多的关联关系

3.1创建 Roles 实体

@Entity
@Table(name="t_roles")
public class Roles {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="roleid")
	private Integer roleid;
	
	@Column(name="rolename")
	private String rolename;
	
	@ManyToMany(cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST,fetch=FetchType.EAGER)
	//@JoinTable:配置中间表信息
	//joinColumns:建立当前表在中间表中的外键字段
	@JoinTable(name="t_roles_menus",joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="role_id"),inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="menu_id"))
	private Set<Menus> menus = new HashSet<>();
	
	
	public Set<Menus> getMenus() {
		return menus;
	}

	public void setMenus(Set<Menus> menus) {
		this.menus = menus;
	}

	public Integer getRoleid() {
		return roleid;
	}

	public void setRoleid(Integer roleid) {
		this.roleid = roleid;
	}

	public String getRolename() {
		return rolename;
	}

	public void setRolename(String rolename) {
		this.rolename = rolename;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Roles [roleid=" + roleid + ", rolename=" + rolename + "]";
	}

	
	
}

3.2创建 Menus 实体

@Entity
@Table(name="t_menus")
public class Menus {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="menusid")
	private Integer menusid;
	
	@Column(name="menusname")
	private String menusname;
	
	@Column(name="menusurl")
	private String menusurl;
	
	@Column(name="fatherid")
	private Integer fatherid;

	@ManyToMany(mappedBy="menus")
	private Set<Roles> roles = new HashSet<>();
	
	public Set<Roles> getRoles() {
		return roles;
	}

	public void setRoles(Set<Roles> roles) {
		this.roles = roles;
	}

	public Integer getMenusid() {
		return menusid;
	}

	public void setMenusid(Integer menusid) {
		this.menusid = menusid;
	}

	public String getMenusname() {
		return menusname;
	}

	public void setMenusname(String menusname) {
		this.menusname = menusname;
	}

	public String getMenusurl() {
		return menusurl;
	}

	public void setMenusurl(String menusurl) {
		this.menusurl = menusurl;
	}

	public Integer getFatherid() {
		return fatherid;
	}

	public void setFatherid(Integer fatherid) {
		this.fatherid = fatherid;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Menus [menusid=" + menusid + ", menusname=" + menusname + ", menusurl=" + menusurl + ", fatherid="
				+ fatherid + "]";
	}
}

3.3多对多关联关系操作

/**
 * 多对多关联关系测试
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class ManyToManyTest {
	
	
	@Autowired
	private RolesDao rolesDao;
	
	/**
	 * 添加角色同时添加菜单
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		//创建角色对象
		Roles roles = new Roles();
		roles.setRolename("超级管理员");
		
		//创建菜单对象    XXX管理平台 --->用户管理
		Menus menus = new Menus();
		menus.setMenusname("XXX管理平台");
		menus.setFatherid(-1);
		menus.setMenusurl(null);
		
		//用户管理菜单
		Menus menus1 = new Menus();
		menus1.setMenusname("用户管理");
		menus1.setFatherid(1);
		menus1.setMenusurl(null);
		
		
		//建立关系
		roles.getMenus().add(menus);
		roles.getMenus().add(menus1);
		
		menus.getRoles().add(roles);
		menus1.getRoles().add(roles);
		
		
		//保存数据
		this.rolesDao.save(roles);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查询Roles
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2(){
		Roles roles = this.rolesDao.findOne(3);
		System.out.println("角色信息："+roles);
		Set<Menus> menus = roles.getMenus();
		for (Menus menus2 : menus) {
			System.out.println("菜单信息："+menus2);
		}
	}

}