spring+springmvc+hibernate入门：完成注册实例测试

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 16:00:17 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： ssh springmvc hibernate

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初入公司，处于被闲置自力更生的状态，看到公司项目有使用ssh的架构，之前只接触过ssm的，便尝试一番，大有所获，特来总结一下。

搭建基本的maven项目，之后的目录基本如下，不需急于创建详细的目录，一步一步来！

在之前很长一段时间，一直搞不清spring应该有哪些依赖，看到很多博客上也是直接就丢一堆上去，后来去花时间查了下，我们在web项目上使用springmvc，只需要一个即可

<!-- springmvc依赖 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

对了，为了方便，版本如下

<properties>
	<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	<spring.version>5.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
	<hibernate.version>5.1.7.Final</hibernate.version>
</properties>

因为spring-webmvc依赖于其它的spring核心的包，所以上面本身就包含它们了，具体可到：点击打开链接学习spring各依赖之间的关系。

下面是web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	version="2.5">
	<display-name>ssh</display-name>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>

	<!-- Filter 定义  编码过滤器-->
	<!-- Character Encoding filter -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
			<param-value>true</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
	<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the 
		mapping -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

随后是spring-mvc.xml这里我直接放在resources下，即classpath直接访问到的位置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">

	<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven>
	</mvc:annotation-driven>

	<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
	<context:component-scan
		base-package="ssh.mvc.controller,ssh.mvc.service,ssh.mvc.dao" />

	<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler />

	<!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
		id="internalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 前缀 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/" />
		<!-- 后缀 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>
</beans>

主目录src/main/java下包ssh.mvc.controller创建测试类TestController.java

package ssh.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class TestController {
	@RequestMapping("/test")
	public String test() {
		return "test";
	}
}

在WEB-INF下新建文件夹view，之后创建一个jsp文件 test.jsp这里的文件名（上面return 后双引号里面部分即为要访问的jsp文件名）该文件随意在body输入点内容

使用tomocat启动项目，正常启动后，访问 http://localhost:8080/ssh/test 可以看到刚才随意输入的内容即为成功

至此，springmvc环境搭建好了！之后需要加入的依赖就多一些了

<!-- Hibernate 核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
	<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
	<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0连接池 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
	<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
	<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
	<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
	<version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
	<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
	<version>1.16.18</version>
</dependency>

这里的依赖具体自行查明用意，lombok可不用，不过相应的实体类自行添加get、set、toString等

我们添加spring监听器来配置dao层的东西，避免混乱

在web.xml下添加以下代码

<!-- spring监听器 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:dao.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

在spring-mvc.xml的位置新建文件jdbc.properties和dao.xml

jdbc.properties

user=root
password=root
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssh?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">
	<!-- 导入资源文件 -->
	<context:property-placeholder
		location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
	<!-- 配置数据源 -->
	<bean id="dataSource"
		class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
		<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
		<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"></property>
		<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
	</bean>
	
	 <!-- 配置sessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="ssh.mvc.entity"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

新建包ssh.mvc.entity下面新建实体类User

package ssh.mvc.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import lombok.Data;

@Table(name="user")
@Entity
@Data
public class User {
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Id
	private Integer id;
	private String username;
	private String password;
	private String nickname;
}

@Data即为lombok的一个注解，使用后可省下生成getset方法的时间等，@GeneratedValue后的设置为主键自增

至此，保存后启动服务器，可以看到在数据库中自动生成了表user

ssh.mvc.dao下UserDao

package ssh.mvc.dao;

import ssh.mvc.entity.User;

public interface UserDao {
	public void addUser(User user);
}

在建子包impl,即（ssh.mvc.dao.impl）下UserDaoImpl

package ssh.mvc.dao.impl;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import ssh.mvc.dao.UserDao;
import ssh.mvc.entity.User;
@Repository("userDao")
@Transactional
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
	@Autowired
	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	
	public void addUser(User user) {
		sessionFactory.openSession().save(user);
	}
}

同理，service层面也是如此

package ssh.mvc.service;

import ssh.mvc.entity.User;

public interface UserService {
	void addOne(User user);
}

package ssh.mvc.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import ssh.mvc.dao.UserDao;
import ssh.mvc.entity.User;
import ssh.mvc.service.UserService;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao;
	
	public void addOne(User user) {
		userDao.addUser(user);
	}
}

最后是控制层

package ssh.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import ssh.mvc.entity.User;
import ssh.mvc.service.UserService;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	@RequestMapping("/addOne")
	@ResponseBody
	public String register(User user) {
		System.out.println(user.getUsername());
		userService.addOne(user);
		return "注册成功！";
	}
}

OK，来一个简单的测试，保存启动服务器

http://localhost:8080/ssh/user/addOne?username=张三&password=2&nickname=2

可以看到返回了几个????,数据成功插入了数据库

这明显是没有弄好乱码处理的结果

在spring-mvc.xml中的<mvc:annotation-driven>标签里添加处理配置

	<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven>
		<!-- 解决@ResponseBody中文乱码 -->
		<mvc:message-converters>
			<bean
				class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
				<constructor-arg value="UTF-8" />
				<!-- 用于避免响应头过大 -->
				<property name="writeAcceptCharset" value="false" />
			</bean>
		</mvc:message-converters>
	</mvc:annotation-driven>

注意：这里必须放在<context:component-scan>标签之前，即扫描包之前

OK，再次测试即可看到返回注册成功，并且数据库也插入成功！

注意的是：当你多玩了些别的操作就会发现问题，我们需要做个措施防止

org.hibernate.HibernateException: Could not obtain transaction-synchronized

Session for current 出错问题

pom.xml加入相关依赖

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
	<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- AspectJ依赖 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
	<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
	<version>1.8.10</version>
</dependency>

dao.xml配置事务管理

<!-- 启动AspectJ支持 -->
	<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />

	<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 使用注解配置事务 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven
		transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

在web.xml中加入如下代码

<!-- 解决 org.hibernate.HibernateException: Could not obtain transaction-synchronized 
		Session for current 出错问题 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>SpringOpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>SpringOpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

并在相应方法或者控制类上添加@Transactional注解，具体可~自己查

新人总结，如有问题，大佬勿喷~Thanks♪(･ω･)ﾉ